# CSG1995 **URL:** http://discourse.iapct.org/c/csgnet/csg1995/50.md [Latest](http://discourse.iapct.org/latest.md) · [Categories](http://discourse.iapct.org/categories.md) · [Tags](http://discourse.iapct.org/tags.md) --- ## [About the CSG1995 category](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/about-the-csg1995-category/183)
**Author:** [@system](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/system)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [February 1, 2020, 11:29am UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/about-the-csg1995-category/183 "2020-02-01T11:29:55Z")
This is an archive of CSGnet posts from 1995. --- ## [Hierarchical control](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/hierarchical-control/5235)
**Author:** [@William\_T\_Powers4](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/William_T_Powers4)\ **Replies:** 7\ **Last updated:** [August 25, 2014, 11:21pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/hierarchical-control/5235 "2014-08-25T23:21:42Z")
\[From Bill Powers (950606.1115 MDT)\] Hans Blom (950606)-- I have always taken it to be the task of the basic PCT controller to bring about a best match between perceptions AT THE LOWEST LEVEL, i.e. the… --- ## [What's in a name?](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/whats-in-a-name/12362)
**Author:** [@Richard\_Marken](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/Richard_Marken)\ **Replies:** 67\ **Last updated:** [June 24, 2014, 5:03pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/whats-in-a-name/12362 "2014-06-24T17:03:14Z")
\[From Rick Marken (950315.1345)\] Bill Powers (950315.0739 MST) to Bruce Abbott - - I simply can't accept that you believe literally in reinforcement or in controlling stimuli or in any of that stuff. Bruce Abbott (… --- ## [Freedom](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/freedom/4561)
**Author:** [@Bruce\_Buchanan1](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/Bruce_Buchanan1)\ **Replies:** 33\ **Last updated:** [April 29, 2010, 10:29pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/freedom/4561 "2010-04-29T22:29:18Z")
From Bruce Buchanan (950204.1245 EST) Bill Powers (950203.0930 MST) writes: We've been through this before. "Feeling free" has nothing to do with it, . ... the feeling of freedom at one level disappears when you co… --- ## [Positive Feedback](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/positive-feedback/8947)
**Author:** [@Bruce\_Buchanan1](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/Bruce_Buchanan1)\ **Replies:** 12\ **Last updated:** [April 11, 2005, 5:36am UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/positive-feedback/8947 "2005-04-11T05:36:19Z")
From Bruce Buchanan (950208.1300 EST) I have been much puzzled by recent discusions of specific examples of positive feedback, intended, I would suppose, to illuminate its characteristics. Without commenting on tha… --- ## [Method of levels](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/method-of-levels/6938)
**Author:** [@Richard\_Marken](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/Richard_Marken)\ **Replies:** 29\ **Last updated:** [October 25, 2003, 7:27pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/method-of-levels/6938 "2003-10-25T19:27:42Z")
\[From Rick Marken (950214.1040)\] Lars Christian Smith (950214 12:40 CET) -- Are you conscious of moving between levels? Yes. There are two aspects to this process. The first aspect of moving between levels is simpl… --- ## [Purpose](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/purpose/9283)
**Author:** [@Bill\_Leach1](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/Bill_Leach1)\ **Replies:** 60\ **Last updated:** [May 21, 2003, 8:39pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/purpose/9283 "2003-05-21T20:39:16Z")
\<\[Bill Leach 950210.02:04 EST(EDT)\] NET If anyone has sent me personal e-mail between about mid-Jan and 4 Feb, it was probably lost. I had a hardware failure that caused me to loose around 50 messages or so. In a… --- ## [Address change](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/address-change/884)
**Author:** [@BOURBON\_Tom\_Houston](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/BOURBON_Tom_Houston)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [December 2, 2001, 3:22pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/address-change/884 "2001-12-02T15:22:17Z")
From Tom Bourbon \[950829.1154\] My new address is tbourbon@intergate.com My account at the medical school was closed more than a week ago. If anyone tried to send direct mail to my former address (tbourbon@heart.med… --- ## [Question](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/question/9363)
**Author:** [@Mark\_George](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/Mark_George)\ **Replies:** 13\ **Last updated:** [November 19, 1999, 4:16pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/question/9363 "1999-11-19T16:16:52Z")
I am attending the University of Cincinnati. I am currently enrolled in a class about PCT. The book we are using is titled Introduction to Modern Pschycology: The Control-Theory View. As a general class topic, we t… --- ## [CSG](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/csg/2109)
**Author:** [@Bill\_Leach1](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/Bill_Leach1)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [July 28, 1999, 7:10pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/csg/2109 "1999-07-28T19:10:12Z")
\<\[Bill Leach 950216.18:26 EST(EDT)\] Author : MIDGLEY BRYAN DUAINE \ I'll bite -- what's the difference between ... Ok, chomp away. This IS the Control Systems Group. -bill ···Subject: CS… --- ## [Control of reinforcement](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/control-of-reinforcement/2993)
**Author:** [@Bruce\_Abbott](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/Bruce_Abbott)\ **Replies:** 94\ **Last updated:** [October 25, 1998, 4:23am UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/control-of-reinforcement/2993 "1998-10-25T04:23:15Z")
\[From Bruce Abbott (950730.1300 EST)\] Rick Marken (950729.2020) -- I think I now understand what Bruce was up to in the post I took to be a satire. Bruce was showing that the reinforcement rates observed in ratio … --- ## [anticipation](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/anticipation/13062)
**Author:** [@William\_T\_Powers4](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/William_T_Powers4)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [July 12, 1998, 7:20pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/anticipation/13062 "1998-07-12T19:20:29Z")
\[From Bill Powers (950507.1815 MDT)\] Bruce Abbott (950507.1855 EST) -- This type of control system is often referred to as an ANTICIPATOR since the derivative control causes changes in the output forcing … --- ## [Extremism](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/extremism/4127)
**Author:** [@Richard\_Marken](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/Richard_Marken)\ **Replies:** 3\ **Last updated:** [December 3, 1997, 8:00pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/extremism/4127 "1997-12-03T20:00:29Z")
\[From Rick Marken (950102.1645)\] Bruce Abbott (941231.1530 EST) -- It would be a very dull thing if all scientific research on the behavior of living organisms were reduced simply to performing "the test" ad nauseam… --- ## [PCT and EAB](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/pct-and-eab/8250)
**Author:** [@William\_T\_Powers4](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/William_T_Powers4)\ **Replies:** 9\ **Last updated:** [September 3, 1997, 5:05pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/pct-and-eab/8250 "1997-09-03T17:05:09Z")
\[From Bill Powers (950626.0630 MDT)\] Bill Leach (950625.13:07 U.S. Eastern Time Zone) -- You bring up a number of interesting points about reinforcement theory and PCT. One recurrent theme is that the environment does… --- ## [Reinforcement Theory](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/reinforcement-theory/9694)
**Author:** [@Richard\_Marken](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/Richard_Marken)\ **Replies:** 6\ **Last updated:** [August 16, 1997, 10:40am UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/reinforcement-theory/9694 "1997-08-16T10:40:44Z")
\[From Rick Marken (950623.2020)\] ···------------------------ Mark Abrams -- I am still working on the "Action Science" review -- at least, in my heart. I don't have your phone number so, if you are still… --- ## [Musings](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/musings/7427)
**Author:** [@Bill\_Leach1](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/Bill_Leach1)\ **Replies:** 2\ **Last updated:** [October 28, 1996, 12:12pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/musings/7427 "1996-10-28T12:12:59Z")
\<\[Bill Leach 951026.22:22 U.S. Eastern Time Zone\] NET Much of the discussion of late reminds me of a conclusion that I arrived at close to two years ago and was "validated" by Bill Power's with something akin to a … --- ## [Influence](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/influence/5616)
**Author:** [@Marc\_Abrams5](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/Marc_Abrams5)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [June 21, 1996, 6:50pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/influence/5616 "1996-06-21T18:50:18Z")
Hi Folks, Just got off a personal to Rick marken and on one point I wanted to address the group. If someone doesn't \*understand\* PCT and we are trying to influence them. Who's problem is It. I say its OURS, Big Time.… --- ## [positive and negative feedback](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/positive-and-negative-feedback/14624)
**Author:** [@William\_T\_Powers2](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/William_T_Powers2)\ **Replies:** 3\ **Last updated:** [June 6, 1996, 5:34pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/positive-and-negative-feedback/14624 "1996-06-06T17:34:36Z")
\[From Bill Powers (950209.0920 MST)\] RE: positive and negative feedback Lars Christian Smith (950209 12:00 CET)-- If you diagram the interaction between clockmakers and customers, you can diagram the intera… --- ## [More e-coli results](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/more-e-coli-results/7274)
**Author:** [@\_Martin\_Taylor](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/_Martin_Taylor)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [February 23, 1996, 12:13am UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/more-e-coli-results/7274 "1996-02-23T00:13:28Z")
\[Martin Taylor 950220 18:50\] In a previous message, I reported on the probability that an N-dimensional e-coli jump would be closer to the optimum than the current e-coli position, given that the jump was of length no… --- ## [on control](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/on-control/14449)
**Author:** [@HANS\_BLOM2](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/HANS_BLOM2)\ **Replies:** 2\ **Last updated:** [February 6, 1996, 10:01am UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/on-control/14449 "1996-02-06T10:01:49Z")
\[Hans Blom, 950124\] On control It is frequently expressed in these here csg-circles that an organism \_is\_ a control system. It is not. Or that organisms \_have\_ control systems, in contexts where we cannot meaningfully… --- ## [Principles of PCT-Guided Research](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/principles-of-pct-guided-research/9118)
**Author:** [@Bruce\_Abbott](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/Bruce_Abbott)\ **Replies:** 5\ **Last updated:** [January 16, 1996, 11:19pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/principles-of-pct-guided-research/9118 "1996-01-16T23:19:39Z")
\[From Bruce Abbott (950110.1750 EST)\] Anyone have a day stretcher handy? (I have a SERIOUS need for one: 24 hours simply isn't long enough to get everything done I have to do...). Spring semester started yesterday an… --- ## [New Year's Resolution](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/new-years-resolution/7614)
**Author:** [@Richard\_Marken](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/Richard_Marken)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [January 1, 1996, 3:13am UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/new-years-resolution/7614 "1996-01-01T03:13:29Z")
\[From Rick Marken (951231.1900)\] Bill Powers (951230.0500 MST) One doesn't simply convert a rule of language directly into output; instead, one starts producing a sentence, perceives what has been produced so far in… --- ## [Modeling learning](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/modeling-learning/7121)
**Author:** [@Richard\_Marken](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/Richard_Marken)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [December 31, 1995, 6:44am UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/modeling-learning/7121 "1995-12-31T06:44:50Z")
\[From Rick Marken (951229.0830)\] Shannon Williams (951228)--- In \_The Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence\_, Andy Clark briefly describes PDP (Parallel Distributed Processing). I see a couple of ways to change th… --- ## [Repost: Announcing RESPTHINK list](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/repost-announcing-respthink-list/9837)
**Author:** [@Edward\_Ford](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/Edward_Ford)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [December 30, 1995, 7:40pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/repost-announcing-respthink-list/9837 "1995-12-30T19:40:55Z")
Sorry 'bout the previous post. Learning a new email package :slight\_smile: (Ed's little elf) CSGANN (742 Bytes) ···--- --- ## [criticizing ideas not persons](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/criticizing-ideas-not-persons/13500)
**Author:** [@Brian\_D\_Agostino](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/Brian_D_Agostino)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [December 29, 1995, 7:47pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/criticizing-ideas-not-persons/13500 "1995-12-29T19:47:40Z")
\[From Brian D'Agostino 951228.1950 Eastern Standard Time\] Responding to Ed Ford's advice against criticizing others, Bill ···Powers wrote on 951220.0930 MST: "I also agree with you about criticism, if you mean cr… --- ## [INTROCSG.NET, UPDATED](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/introcsg-net-updated/5464)
**Author:** [@Dag\_Forssell2](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/Dag_Forssell2)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [December 29, 1995, 6:37am UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/introcsg-net-updated/5464 "1995-12-29T06:37:04Z")
INTROCSG.NET This file is posted every month to CSGnet. INTRODUCTION TO PERCEPTUAL CONTROL THEORY (PCT) THE CONTROL SYSTEMS GROUP (CSG) AND THE CONTROL SYSTEMS GROUP NETWORK (CSGnet) … --- ## [simultaneous equations; where we stand](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/simultaneous-equations-where-we-stand/14979)
**Author:** [@William\_T\_Powers4](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/William_T_Powers4)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [December 29, 1995, 3:26am UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/simultaneous-equations-where-we-stand/14979 "1995-12-29T03:26:15Z")
\[From Bill Powers (951228.1900 MST)\] To all who wanted one, I hope you had a happy Christmas. ···---------------------------------------------------------------------- Samuel S. Saunders (951228:17:37:00 EST) -- A ne… --- ## [RKC: COMMENTS ON TURING](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/rkc-comments-on-turing/9464)
**Author:** [@Robert\_K\_Clark1](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/Robert_K_Clark1)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [December 28, 1995, 11:56pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/rkc-comments-on-turing/9464 "1995-12-28T23:56:27Z")
RKC: COMMENTS ON TURING \ I'd like to comment on the Turing Machine discussion. First - it seems likely that you have all noticed that we are faced with the Turing Test Situation wheneve… --- ## [Modeling learning (was about making a Turing Machine)](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/modeling-learning-was-about-making-a-turing-machine/7122)
**Author:** [@SHANNON\_M\_WILLIAMS\_D](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/SHANNON_M_WILLIAMS_D)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [December 28, 1995, 11:07pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/modeling-learning-was-about-making-a-turing-machine/7122 "1995-12-28T23:07:08Z")
\[From Shannon Williams (951228)\] Rick Marken (951227.1000)-- I take this to mean that your goal is to write a program that responds to questions for the same reason that people respond to them; in order to control p… --- ## [Truth; Structured disturbances](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/truth-structured-disturbances/11784)
**Author:** [@Kent\_McClelland2](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/Kent_McClelland2)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [December 28, 1995, 8:46pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/truth-structured-disturbances/11784 "1995-12-28T20:46:52Z")
\[From Kent McClelland (95128.1500 CST)\] Replying (finally) to Bill Powers (951221.1315 MST) and Gary Cziko (951223.0600 GMT): Sorry if my inept choice of arguments made it sound like I was advocating a relativistic v… [Next page](http://discourse.iapct.org/c/csgnet/csg1995/50.md?page=1)