# Research

**URL:** http://discourse.iapct.org/c/social/18.md

[Latest](http://discourse.iapct.org/latest.md) · [Categories](http://discourse.iapct.org/categories.md) · [Tags](http://discourse.iapct.org/tags.md)

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## [About the Research category](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/about-the-research-category/26)

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**Author:** [@forumControlSystem](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/forumControlSystem)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [September 8, 2019, 2:20pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/about-the-research-category/26 "2019-09-08T14:20:55Z")

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This category is for discussion of PCT research in diverse fields. Some subcategories here mirror those in the Phenomena category.

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## [Paper for discussion: Making AI reliable](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/paper-for-discussion-making-ai-reliable/16271)

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**Author:** [@bnhpct](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/bnhpct)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [October 3, 2026, 12:39am UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/paper-for-discussion-making-ai-reliable/16271 "2026-10-03T00:39:59Z")

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I have just published this for discussion at the 2026 conference in York: Nevin, B., & Claude (Anthropic). (2026). Making AI reliable. Zenodo. Making AI reliable | Zenodo

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## [Your brain may not actually make decisions](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/your-brain-may-not-actually-make-decisions/16260)

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**Author:** [@flenk](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/flenk)\
**Replies:** 9\
**Last updated:** [September 10, 2026, 11:35pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/your-brain-may-not-actually-make-decisions/16260 "2026-09-10T23:35:11Z")

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The neuroscientist identified in this Science Daily news item Your brain may not actually “make” decisions | ScienceDaily seems to me like he may be on the verge of “discovering” PCT. There is no centralized controller …

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## [Striatal pathways dissociably control action counting and goal-directed steering](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/striatal-pathways-dissociably-control-action-counting-and-goal-directed-steering/16250)

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**Author:** [@bnhpct](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/bnhpct)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [June 19, 2026, 4:20pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/striatal-pathways-dissociably-control-action-counting-and-goal-directed-steering/16250 "2026-06-19T16:20:06Z")

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Another bulls-eye from Henry Yin’s lab: Fallon, I.P., Roshchina, M., Hong, F. et al. Striatal pathways dissociably control action counting and goal-directed steering. Nat Neurosci (2026). Striatal pathways dissociably c…

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## [Dynamical control by basal ganglia](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/dynamical-control-by-basal-ganglia/16232)

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**Author:** [@bnhpct](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/bnhpct)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [June 1, 2026, 4:09pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/dynamical-control-by-basal-ganglia/16232 "2026-06-01T16:09:16Z")

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Shaolin Ruan, Henry H. Yin. (2026). Basal ganglia output dynamically controls skilled forelimb kinematics in real time. bioRxiv 2026.03.09.710687; doi: 10.64898/2026.03.09.710687 https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6489…

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## [R Code for Chapter 6 of Interdisciplinary Handbook of PCT: Learning Curves and Psychological Change Across Populations](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/r-code-for-chapter-6-of-interdisciplinary-handbook-of-pct-learning-curves-and-psychological-change-across-populations/16230)

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**Author:** [@VyvHuddy](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/VyvHuddy)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [May 29, 2026, 8:42am UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/r-code-for-chapter-6-of-interdisciplinary-handbook-of-pct-learning-curves-and-psychological-change-across-populations/16230 "2026-05-29T08:42:49Z")

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For anyone interested, I’ve uploaded the R code used for the simulations reported in Chapter 6, Learning Curves and Psychological Change Across Populations: The Implications of Reorganization, in Interdisciplinary Handbo…

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## [Baysean identification of controlled variables](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/baysean-identification-of-controlled-variables/16226)

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**Author:** [@bnhpct](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/bnhpct)\
**Replies:** 8\
**Last updated:** [April 30, 2026, 6:20pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/baysean-identification-of-controlled-variables/16226 "2026-04-30T18:20:52Z")

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Mosquitoes are attracted to dark objects and slow down when they get within about 40 centimeters, but the visual variable alone is insufficient. Without other perceptions (e.g. body odor, humidity, heat) mosquitoes often…

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## [How basal ganglia do sequence control](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/how-basal-ganglia-do-sequence-control/16221)

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**Author:** [@bnhpct](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/bnhpct)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [February 7, 2026, 9:09pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/how-basal-ganglia-do-sequence-control/16221 "2026-02-07T21:09:39Z")

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Another brilliant piece of research out of Henry Yin’s lab. Striatal Pathways for Action Counting and Steering. Isabella P. Fallon, Marina Roshchina, Feiyang Hong, Sofia Fernandez, Shaolin Ruan, Henry H. Yin. doi: htt…

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## [Brain development after 80 weeks](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/brain-development-after-80-weeks/16212)

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**Author:** [@bnhpct](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/bnhpct)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [December 9, 2025, 3:17pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/brain-development-after-80-weeks/16212 "2025-12-09T15:17:02Z")

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At the IAPCT Conference in Manchester in 2019, I asked Frans Plooij about the obvious cognitive developments after the (hypothesized) eleven levels of the hierarchy are established at 75-80 weeks of age. He suggested tha…

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## [The cerebellar system](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/the-cerebellar-system/15580)

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**Author:** [@bnhpct](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/bnhpct)\
**Replies:** 19\
**Last updated:** [February 23, 2025, 3:11pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/the-cerebellar-system/15580 "2025-02-23T15:11:56Z")

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According to the long-established view, the cerebellum controls motor functions. Although it occupies only about 10% of brain volume, the cerebellum contains around 50 % of all neurons in our brain. It has several func…

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## [Embodied LLM (AI)](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/embodied-llm-ai/16154)

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**Author:** [@bnhpct](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/bnhpct)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [February 2, 2025, 10:46pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/embodied-llm-ai/16154 "2025-02-02T22:46:13Z")

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Large language models (LLMs), a.k.a. AI, can produce plausible discourse based upon statistical properties of very large quantities of discourse produced by humans. Often, what they ‘say’ accords with our experienced rea…

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## [PCT-Based Research](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/pct-based-research/16112)

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**Author:** [@rsmarken](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/rsmarken)\
**Replies:** 4\
**Last updated:** [May 17, 2024, 2:26am UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/pct-based-research/16112 "2024-05-17T02:26:42Z")

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I am trying to write a paper on the PCT revolution in psychology (and the life sciences in general) and I would like to find as many examples as possible of PCT-based empirical research that has been published in peer re…

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## [Making long-term memories requires DNA damage](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/making-long-term-memories-requires-dna-damage/16108)

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**Author:** [@bnhpct](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/bnhpct)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [March 29, 2024, 2:53pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/making-long-term-memories-requires-dna-damage/16108 "2024-03-29T14:53:32Z")

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The centrosome in a cell coordinates cell division. Neurons don’t divide. (Usually, after maturation?) The centrosome in neurons in the hippocampus is specialized to form long-term memories. With intrinsic error, these …

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## [The interstitium](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/the-interstitium/16101)

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**Author:** [@bnhpct](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/bnhpct)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [February 28, 2024, 2:25pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/the-interstitium/16101 "2024-02-28T14:25:52Z")

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At one of our last in-person conferences, Dag’s presentation was on the subcutaneous tissue system that encloses the body. Was that the integumentum? One of the illustrations was a photograph of this full-body sheath del…

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## [Discussion of the speed-curvature Power Law](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/discussion-of-the-speed-curvature-power-law/15990)

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**Author:** [@bnhpct](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/bnhpct)\
**Replies:** 88\
**Last updated:** [February 19, 2024, 6:48pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/discussion-of-the-speed-curvature-power-law/15990 "2024-02-19T18:48:35Z")

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The ‘power law’ is an attempted mathematical representation of the observation that motor control of movement slows velocity during a curve in the movement proportionately to how ‘sharp’ the curve is (as measured e.g. by…

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## [LCS III: Java conversions of Delphi code from LCS III](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/lcs-iii-java-conversions-of-delphi-code-from-lcs-iii/16092)

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**Author:** [@smithmarkl](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/smithmarkl)\
**Replies:** 12\
**Last updated:** [December 13, 2023, 10:21pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/lcs-iii-java-conversions-of-delphi-code-from-lcs-iii/16092 "2023-12-13T22:21:12Z")

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Hi all, My name is Mark L. Smith. I’ve been lurking the PCT community on and off for several years. I was a serial founder of software companies who’s retired early (and that’s my story until I start something else :P). …

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## [Plant volatiles are multi-species CCVs](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/plant-volatiles-are-multi-species-ccvs/16082)

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**Author:** [@bnhpct](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/bnhpct)\
**Replies:** 12\
**Last updated:** [October 24, 2023, 2:08am UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/plant-volatiles-are-multi-species-ccvs/16082 "2023-10-24T02:08:44Z")

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Here is a very interesting investigation of variables collectively controlled by diverse species. Yoneya, K. and Miki, T. (2015), Co-evolution of foraging behaviour in herbivores and their natural enemies predicts mult…

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## [Language, logic and its structure as control systems](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/language-logic-and-its-structure-as-control-systems/16080)

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**Author:** [@P0ck](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/P0ck)\
**Replies:** 5\
**Last updated:** [September 28, 2023, 5:12pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/language-logic-and-its-structure-as-control-systems/16080 "2023-09-28T17:12:54Z")

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Hi, just a share here from the high correlation between what is known as the Paul-Elder model of critical thinking (here what is called the elements of critical thinking) and control theory in general. The Paul-Elder mo…

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## [Toward robot metabolisms](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/toward-robot-metabolisms/16075)

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**Author:** [@bnhpct](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/bnhpct)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [September 18, 2023, 3:23pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/toward-robot-metabolisms/16075 "2023-09-18T15:23:25Z")

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Micro-scale internal combustion: Science 381.6663: Chemically fueling new microrobot abilities Soft Robot Walks by Repeatedly Blowing Itself Up - IEEE Spectrum Thoughts of ganging these as musculature for a rigid skel…

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## [Bill's PCT model of emotion (version 2)](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/bills-pct-model-of-emotion-version-2/141)

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**Author:** [@bnhpct](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/bnhpct)\
**Replies:** 13\
**Last updated:** [July 5, 2023, 5:28pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/bills-pct-model-of-emotion-version-2/141 "2023-07-05T17:28:04Z")

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Bill’s chapter on emotion in B:CP (omitted in the first 1973 edition) proposes that emotions are derived from somatic sensations and interconnections between the behavioral control hierarchy and “a second hierarchy of co…

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## [Biophilic vs. necrophilic brain functions](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/biophilic-vs-necrophilic-brain-functions/16056)

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**Author:** [@bnhpct](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/bnhpct)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [June 9, 2023, 11:45am UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/biophilic-vs-necrophilic-brain-functions/16056 "2023-06-09T11:45:38Z")

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In news today: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06147-9

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## [Boston Dynamics and PCT](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/boston-dynamics-and-pct/16048)

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**Author:** [@rsmarken](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/rsmarken)\
**Replies:** 7\
**Last updated:** [April 21, 2023, 10:55pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/boston-dynamics-and-pct/16048 "2023-04-21T22:55:06Z")

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\[Split from topic Where Ashby went wrong. ‘Their work’ refers to engineering control theory.\] I view their work as excellent real world implementations of the computer demonstrations of PCT principles. Their work may le…

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## [Ontogeny of human control hierarchy](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/ontogeny-of-human-control-hierarchy/16025)

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**Author:** [@bnhpct](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/bnhpct)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [February 20, 2023, 5:39pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/ontogeny-of-human-control-hierarchy/16025 "2023-02-20T17:39:04Z")

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Frans sent me this very current editorial, right up your ‘consciousness’ alley, Warren, and important for anyone interested in the neurological side of PCT. Ferber is an Israeli Clinical psychologist from Harvard with a…

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## [Intracellular antenna](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/intracellular-antenna/16013)

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**Author:** [@bnhpct](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/bnhpct)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [January 23, 2023, 8:02pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/intracellular-antenna/16013 "2023-01-23T20:02:42Z")

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Much richer data about cellular processes will be forthcoming. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-32862-4 Lay overview published here:

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## [Research Compatible with PCT versus Predictive Processing](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/research-compatible-with-pct-versus-predictive-processing/16010)

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**Author:** [@richardhpfau](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/richardhpfau)\
**Replies:** 10\
**Last updated:** [January 22, 2023, 10:27pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/research-compatible-with-pct-versus-predictive-processing/16010 "2023-01-22T22:27:36Z")

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This is to point out that the research summarized by Huijeong Jeong et al, “Mesolimbic dopamine release conveys causal association”, Science, 378, 6626, 23 December 2022, 1294 (whose full article is available via the lin…

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## [Collaborative biophysics research](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/collaborative-biophysics-research/16003)

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**Author:** [@bnhpct](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/bnhpct)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [January 4, 2023, 1:54am UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/collaborative-biophysics-research/16003 "2023-01-04T01:54:39Z")

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There’s some exciting collaboration across disciplinary silos at Penn. This article in Omnia, “The physics of us”, is a light-weight overview, but it provides names and topics of research that can be followed up. Here ar…

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## [Feedforward Closedloop Learning (FCL)](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/feedforward-closedloop-learning-fcl/15998)

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**Author:** [@hugocristo](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/hugocristo)\
**Replies:** 19\
**Last updated:** [December 20, 2022, 12:08pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/feedforward-closedloop-learning-fcl/15998 "2022-12-20T12:08:09Z")

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Hi everyone, Bernd Porr just posted this at his Mastodon account: Geoffrey Hinton and quite a few other are getting excited about error forward propagation. We (myself and PaulMiller) have been at it for the last 5 ye…

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## [Cooperation between horseshoe crabs](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/cooperation-between-horseshoe-crabs/15575)

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**Author:** [@bnhpct](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/bnhpct)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [April 18, 2020, 6:13pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/cooperation-between-horseshoe-crabs/15575 "2020-04-18T18:13:29Z")

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Horseshoe crabs have been evolutionarily stable for a long time. They are the true bluebloods among our distant relatives. Actually arthropods (think spiders and scorpions) rather than crabs. “Horseshoe crabs use hemoc…

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## [Manira et al, 2021: A spinal organ of proprioception for integrated motor action feedback](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/manira-et-al-2021-a-spinal-organ-of-proprioception-for-integrated-motor-action-feedback/15792)

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**Author:** [@Matti](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/Matti)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [April 23, 2021, 6:16pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/manira-et-al-2021-a-spinal-organ-of-proprioception-for-integrated-motor-action-feedback/15792 "2021-04-23T18:16:55Z")

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Neuron. 2021 Apr 7;109(7):1188-1201.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.01.018. Epub 2021 Feb 11. Laurence D Picton 1 , Maria Bertuzzi 1 , Irene Pallucchi 1 , Pierre Fontanel 1 , Elin Dahlberg 1 , E Rebecka Björnfors …

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## [Review of "Deconstructing Health Inequity"](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/review-of-deconstructing-health-inequity/15804)

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**Author:** [@rsmarken](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/rsmarken)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [May 17, 2021, 1:33am UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/review-of-deconstructing-health-inequity/15804 "2021-05-17T01:33:32Z")

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I just completed Deconstructing Health Inequity: A Perceptual Control Theory Perspective by Tim Carey, Sara Tai & Robert Griffiths. It’s a fantastic book and particularly interesting to me because it is all about how to …

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