An Opportunity for PCT PR

[From Rick Marken (2010.05.14.0955)]

Bill Powers (2010.05.14.1012 MDT)

I haven't tried Wiki-ing before, but managed to set up an account (BillPCT)
and add the following to the talk page you referenced.

Not to be outdone, I added the following after yours:

Tests of PCT can also be found at http://www.mindreadings.com/. Just
click "Demos" for a list of experimental tests/demonstrations. You
might also be interested in a book review I wrote
(BookReview2002) that explains the
difference between engineering control theory and perceptual control
theory. The difference is not in the theory itself -- PCT is control
theory -- but in how the variables and functions in a control loop are
mapped to the variables and functions involved in the behavior of
living systems.

Best

Rick

···

--
Richard S. Marken PhD
rsmarken@gmail.com
www.mindreadings.com

[Martin Taylor 2010.05.14.10.46]

[From Richard Pfau (2010.05.14.0911DST)]

[From Rick Marken (2010.05.13.1740)] regarding Martin Lewitt (2010

5/13 1606 MDT)--

Thanks. I see there's some comments on PCT at the end of the
"Discussion" section. The consensus seems to be that PCT is a "fringe"
theory. If they mean it's a theory that's not accepted by the control
theory in-crowd then they are right. I've argued for years with people
who think that the merits of an idea are evaluated by how many

"important" people support it. It's a useless way to spend one's time.

There's already a PCT listing on Wikipedia, I believe. Let's just make
that one right.

If someone has the interest and expertise, why not take on the Wikipedia Control Theory group and respond to their doubts? For example, yesterday (under "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Control_theory" in the section titled "perceptual control summary section needed") a skeptic states that the article on Perceptual Control Theory "claims to be testable, but the article provides no evidence of any testable ideas (i.e., could you design an experiment or logical construct to generate a yes/no result regarding a component of this theory). I am not an expert on PCT, but it seems very fringe. User A1 (talk) 16:44, 13 May 2010 (UTC)"

Yesterday I looked for the first time at the Wikipedia PCT page and at the Control Theory page. I can see that if the only thing a reader knew about PCT was what is on the PCT page, they might well think it "fringe science" invented out of whole cloth by Bill. The tenor of the writing is such as to separate PCT from "normal science", which makes it even more "fringy". There's no hint of the long lineage of the idea of purposeful behaviour from Aristotle through William James, and it makes it sound as though the idea that organisms are purposeful sprang full-born from the head of an eccentric genius. I've edited the preamble to make PCT seem more like the scientific advance that it is, rather than a wacky idea off on its own. Feel free to re-edit and improve. I haven't touched the main body, and probably won't for some time, probably several weeks, since I will be out of the country from Tuesday week to the middle of June. If and when I do get back to the Wikipedia page, I will add stuff about the applications of which I am aware.

What is specifically novel and special about PCT? It's not that the only data available to the organism is the effects of the environment on its internal states (what PCT calls its perceptions). It's not that organisms control. It is that what they control is necessarily and only their perceptions, and that from this notion flows a whole series of consequences that are not obvious when you don't start from that point. It was Bill's genius to notice not only that it is perceptions that are controlled, but that this fact has such a wide range of consequences. It was that PCT provides a foundation for psychology akin to the the foundation Newton's laws provide for mechanics. (I can attest to the fact that it is non-obvious, since I had developed my own Layered Protocol Theory of dialogue, which I later discovered to be a special case of PCT; had PCT been obvious, I think I would have seen it for myself).

From the technical point of view, there's nothing in the PCT page to suggest that perceptual control is a necessary element of ALL life, or that it's not just another crackpot psychological theory. Within the psychological theory domain of PCT, there is only the MOL element to break out of the simple tracking studies, whereas there was a whole issue of the International Journal of Computer-Human Studies devoted to showing the wide range of applicability of PCT. Since I edited that issue, I don't think I am eligible to write about it. Elsewhere, Rick has used PCT in studies of Human-Computer interfacing, PCT has been the basis of a reference model used by successive NATO groups of which I have been a member (documents publicly available on the NATO RTO Web site), and Hendy has used PCT as the basis for air accident investigation (I don't know if anything has been or could be published from those investigations) and for studies of situation awareness and workload, as well as of workspace (especially cockpit) design. Some of these things could be mentioned.

On the "official" control theory page, there is no hint of the problem of disturbances in control, except in the text example of a car. There's no place in the diagram for introducing disturbances. Also, there's nothing to equate the "plant" with the car's environmental feedback path. If "plant" is taken to be the entire environment including the source of disturbances, then the mathematics is wrong, since the plant is represented by a simple Laplace transform with no uncertainty. To introduce the disturbance seems to me to be a place where the "purposeful" aspect of control could be inserted into the "official" page, as well as the obvious note that what the canonical controller stabilizes in the diagram is not "y" the external variable, but the value of "y" transformed by what they call the "feedback function", which in PCT would be called the "perceptual input function".

I'd think a knowledgeable member of the CSG ListServe could respond by describing how PCT could be testable and/or has been in the past.

That's a touchy subject that has been much discussed on CSGnet, with diverging opinions on what it might mean to "test" PCT. Since Wikipedia wants citable references for just about anything stated or claimed, it might be hard to get "testable' claims inserted. The only version I know is the Bourbon-Powers "Worlds" paper in the IJHCS special issue, and that deals only with simple tracking. For Wikipedia, the question is what published support is there for claims that the essence of PCT can be (or better, has been) tested. It's a bit like asking what it means to test the second law of thermodynamics (on which, in my view, the necessity of PCT rests).

Engaging in such a Wikipedia discussion may help to advance PCT and, if nothing else, sharpen the thinking of the interested CSG ListServe member and others concerning PCT. (A Caution: I think the responding CSG member will need good mathematical skills, since the discussion could well turn in that direction).

I agree that entering the discussion might be useful, but I don't think mathematical skills enter much into it. Fred has been doing very good work in introducing PCT to people without using much math, and what we are talking about is the conceptual issue. The math is pretty much the same whether we are talking "official" or perceptual control theory.

I realize that the natural response to this posting is "why don't you do it yourself". I suppose I could do some of it, though I'm not sure how the conflict of interest guidelines would apply. As I said above, I have rewritten the preamble, but there's a lot that could be done with the main body of the page, and I'm not up to it at the moment, or for the next few weeks.

Martin

[From Bill Powers (2010.05.15.1003 MDT)]

Martin Taylor 2010.05.14.10.46 --

Thanks for the excellent rewrite of the web page at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perceptual_Control_Theory

I have started a rewrite of the Introduction, by which I mean that I've edited the text but haven't entered the appropriate references. I hope David G. doesn't mine all the changes, but it really wasn't very clear, as you noted. I would be very grateful if someone more familiar with the markup language were to put in the references as needed.

Best,

Bill P.

[David Goldstein (2010.05.15.13:00 EDT)]

[From Bill Powers (2010.05.15.1003 MDT)]

Bill: I hope David G. doesn't mine all the changes, but it really wasn't
very clear, as you noted.

David: No problem. You should take out my references which make no sense now.
This was written after the Canadian CSG meeting. It had a good life and was ready
to die.

I do think that reponding to an unsigned critic gives the critic more weight then he/she deserves.

David

David

···

----- Original Message ----- From: "Bill Powers" <powers_w@FRONTIER.NET>
To: <CSGNET@LISTSERV.ILLINOIS.EDU>
Sent: Saturday, May 15, 2010 12:10 PM
Subject: Re: An Opportunity for PCT PR

[From Bill Powers (2010.05.15.1003 MDT)]

Martin Taylor 2010.05.14.10.46 --

Thanks for the excellent rewrite of the web page at Perceptual control theory - Wikipedia

I have started a rewrite of the Introduction, by which I mean that I've edited the text but haven't entered the appropriate references. I hope David G. doesn't mine all the changes, but it really wasn't very clear, as you noted. I would be very grateful if someone more familiar with the markup language were to put in the references as needed.

Best,

Bill P.

[From Bill Powers (2010.05.15.11290 MDT)]

David Goldstein (2010.05.15.13:00 EDT) --

David: No problem. You should take out my references which make no sense now.
This was written after the Canadian CSG meeting. It had a good life and was ready to die.

No ego problems there! You may have to remove those references yourself; this is only my third try at doing wikis and I don't know my way around at all.

I do think that responding to an unsigned critic gives the critic more weight then he/she deserves.

Yes, that has occurred me. There's a sort of atmosphere around the wiki editing that implies some objective criterion of correctness, as if a perfect wiki would just tell things they way they are. People nitpick to assure purity.

But I don't really mind that very much, since the alternative is the sort of mindless raving you get when there are no standards at all. I'll take the nitpicking over that, any day.

Best,

Bill P.

[From Rick Marken (2010.05.15.1030)]

Bill Powers (2010.05.15.1003 MDT)]

Martin Taylor 2010.05.14.10.46 --

Thanks for the excellent rewrite of the web page at
Perceptual control theory - Wikipedia

Gee, I was just going to comment on how good the existing article was.
If it was David G.'s than I say "bravo" David. I don't see anything in
it that is excessively effusive or that suggests that PCT is "fringy".
Though the fact is that PCT _is_ fringy, inasmuch as it is scorned by
the behavioral science establishment. But that's not necessarily an
indictment of PCT. Plate tectonics was "fringy" in the same way just a
few years ago and now is the foundation of geology. I look forward to
the same "fate" for PCT, though (as I state in my "Revolution" paper)
this will be particularly difficult for PCT as compared to plate
tectonics since moving from the fringe will not only require a change
in people's assumptions (theories) about how behavior works but also a
change in the methods used to test those assumptions.

I think Martin's preamble is OK but I would suggest two main changes:

1) The "tradition" from which PCT emerges is control engineering, not
philosophy. The Greek roots of PCT are in Ktesibios, inventor of the
"self regulating" water clock (a control system), and his teacher,
Archimedes, the experimental scientist. William James did know how to
distinguish the purposeful behavior of living systems from the
non-purposeful behavior of non-living systems. But he didn't get very
far with that since he had no theory (model) that could explain that
difference. The model that explains it is control theory and that
comes out of the control engineering tradition.

2) I think the sentence "Powers labeled the controlled variable
"perception" because some of these sensed and transformed inputs
appear as consciously perceived aspects of the environment" should be
changed to: "The controlled variable is a "perception" because it is a
perceived aspect of the environment-- a neurally computed function of
physical environmental variables -- that is actually controlled".
Consciousness really has nothing to do with it. And the fact that we
control perceptual variables is true of _all_, not some, controlled
variables.

Best

Rick

···

I have started a rewrite of the Introduction, by which I mean that I've
edited the text but haven't entered the appropriate references. I hope David
G. doesn't mine all the changes, but it really wasn't very clear, as you
noted. I would be very grateful if someone more familiar with the markup
language were to put in the references as needed.

--
Richard S. Marken PhD
rsmarken@gmail.com
www.mindreadings.com

[Martin Taylor 2010.05.15.13.32]

[From Rick Marken (2010.05.15.1030)]

Bill Powers (2010.05.15.1003 MDT)]

Martin Taylor 2010.05.14.10.46 --

Thanks for the excellent rewrite of the web page at
Perceptual control theory - Wikipedia
     

Gee, I was just going to comment on how good the existing article was.
If it was David G.'s than I say "bravo" David. I don't see anything in
it that is excessively effusive or that suggests that PCT is "fringy".
   
I don't suppose you would. But a lot of people do, including me and several commentators. As I've said often enough before on CSGnet, if someone understands you to mean something other than what you intended, it's not their fault, it's yours.

Though the fact is that PCT _is_ fringy, inasmuch as it is scorned by
the behavioral science establishment.

That's not what "fringy" means to me. What "fringy" means to me is close to "scientifically disreputable", "unsupportable by data that is predicted by theory", "off-the-top-of-the-head", "idiosyncratic", etc... PCT is not in the least fringy in those senses, but the way the page was written certainly (in my view) would have made it look so to someone who peeked at the page for a first encounter with Perceptual Control Theory. Remember, Wikipedia isn't preaching to the converted, as is much of the writing on CSGnet.

I think Martin's preamble is OK but I would suggest two main changes:

1) The "tradition" from which PCT emerges is control engineering, not
philosophy.

Actually, though I would have to ask Bill to be sure, I think it has dual roots. Without the notion that living things are purposeful, why would Bill have even considered applying control engineering to biology? It seems to me unlikely that a control engineer, even one interested in psychology, would have come up with PCT without first noticing that people are purposeful. I was trained as a control engineer to begin with, and considered doing that in graduate school, so I had the technical background to develop PCT. I did develop the Layered Protocol Theory of dialogue, but even then I didn't see that the same concepts were completely general until I came across PCT. So I don't think it's correct to say that PCT emerged from the control engineering tradition.

William James did know how to
distinguish the purposeful behavior of living systems from the
non-purposeful behavior of non-living systems. But he didn't get very
far with that since he had no theory (model) that could explain that
difference. The model that explains it is control theory and that
comes out of the control engineering tradition.
   
Exactly so. Had control engineering been developed when James was in his teens, he might well have developed PCT. But the developers of control engineering didn't, even though they had the means.

2) I think the sentence "Powers labeled the controlled variable
"perception" because some of these sensed and transformed inputs
appear as consciously perceived aspects of the environment" should be
changed to: "The controlled variable is a "perception" because it is a
perceived aspect of the environment-- a neurally computed function of
physical environmental variables -- that is actually controlled".
Consciousness really has nothing to do with it. And the fact that we
control perceptual variables is true of _all_, not some, controlled
variables.
   
Do you think the word "perception" would be applied to the controlled variables were it not for the fact that some of the controlled variables are what are called "perception" in everyday language? There's no need to use that word, when a more neutral word or a neologism such as "convar" (controlled variable) or "transsense" (transformed sensation) would technically do as well. The power of the word "perception" is in its analogy value. Would anybody coming to biological control theory for the first time be the least bit intrigued by a claim that organisms control transformed sensation variables, or even that they control their inputs? I think not.

You read from a background so steeped in PCT-thinking that you are unable to guess the way a PCT-naive person might understand things whose PCT-meaning is obvious to you. When one writes for Wikipedia, almost everybody who reads the page has never before read anything at all about PCT, and if they have heard about it, it is as a weird and widely discounted way of approaching psychology. Even at DCIEM, while I was officially working, there were only a few who really understood what I was getting at when I discussed PCT. Some who did understand used PCT in creative and effective ways, but refused to participate on CSGnet despite my urging because of the polemic techniques used sometimes in support of technical ignorance. I got PCT into the thinking of my NATO group by the back door, by developing the reference model as a much simplified version everyone could buy, and over the years revealing its PCT background. I could not have done it by expounding PCT and then showing how it leads to the reference model.

Put on your PCT-scientist hat for a moment and consider what is involved in writing for Wikipedia. What are you trying to achieve by that action? What is the current state of whatever perception you are controlling, what is your desired state, and do your actions seem to be reducing the error? If not, are you reorganizing, trying something different? For me, the desired state is that a lot of people who now don't know about or who misunderstand PCT come to know and appreciate it properly. So, in writing, I try to imagine how one of the target audience might be led to a correct understanding either from a position of ignorance or from a position of misunderstanding (such as the lunchtable I shared with four female scientists who thought PCT was a "male thing" because it involved "control", which females care less about). Maybe my way works, maybe it doesn't. But I perceive that yours doesn't.

I think the Wikipedia article should not say anything wrong, and according to Wikipedia rules it cannot say anything that cannot be backed up with evidence, preferably published. But it also should not say anything too complicated until the reader has enough background to believe either that it would be worth the trouble to understand the complexity or that the ideas aren't so complex after all, and more importantly that the ideas lead to valuable insights and useful applications.

Above all, the Wikipedia page should not be read as an advertisement (as commentators have said it does), since that kind of writing makes it seem as though there is no intrinsic value in what is being sold.

Martin

[From Rick Marken (2010.05.15.1200)]

Martin Taylor (2010.05.15.13.32)--

Rick Marken (2010.05.15.1030)]

Gee, I was just going to comment on how good the existing article was.
If it was David G.'s than I say "bravo" David. I don't see anything in
it that is excessively effusive or that suggests that PCT is "fringy".

I don't suppose you would. But a lot of people do, including me and several
commentators.

What was it that made it look "fringy" to you and them, do you think?

As I've said often enough before on CSGnet, if someone
understands you to mean something other than what you intended, it's not
their fault, it's yours.

I don't know it it's anyone's fault. Communication is tough.

Though the fact is that PCT _is_ fringy, inasmuch as it is scorned by
the behavioral science establishment.

That's not what "fringy" means to me. What "fringy" means to me is close to
"scientifically disreputable", "unsupportable by data that is predicted by
theory", "off-the-top-of-the-head", "idiosyncratic", etc...

I didn't see anything in David's write-up that suggested any of this.
Indeed, David's write up made it clear that just the opposite was
true. Maybe you could point to the parts in David's write-up that
suggested these things to you? Also, I didn't see anything in your
addition that corrected these "fringy" impressions. How do you imagine
that your addition made it appear that PCT is not "fringy"?

PCT is not in
the least fringy in those senses, but the way the page was written certainly
(in my view) would have made it look so to someone who peeked at the page
for a first encounter with Perceptual Control Theory. Remember, Wikipedia
isn't preaching to the converted, as is much of the writing on CSGnet.

What was it, exactly, in David's write up, that, in your view, would
make it look to someone that PCT is "fringy". I just didn't see it.

Do you think the word "perception" would be applied to the controlled
variables were it not for the fact that some of the controlled variables are
what are called "perception" in everyday language?

Of course! Controlled variables are called "controlled perceptual
variables" because of the meaning of "perception" in psychology: a
perception is the output of a neural function that takes sensory
stimulation as its input.

Best

Rick

···

--
Richard S. Marken PhD
rsmarken@gmail.com
www.mindreadings.com

[From Bruce Gregory (2010.05.15.1626 EDT)]

[Martin Taylor 2010.05.15.13.32]

Put on your PCT-scientist hat for a moment and consider what is involved in writing for Wikipedia. What are you trying to achieve by that action? What is the current state of whatever perception you are controlling, what is your desired state, and do your actions seem to be reducing the error? If not, are you reorganizing, trying something different? For me, the desired state is that a lot of people who now don’t know about or who misunderstand PCT come to know and appreciate it properly. So, in writing, I try to imagine how one of the target audience might be led to a correct understanding either from a position of ignorance or from a position of misunderstanding (such as the lunchtable I shared with four female scientists who thought PCT was a “male thing” because it involved “control”, which females care less about).

A more neutral term might be “stabilize.” Even the word “negative” is open to misunderstanding. Do you have any objection to saying that feedback allows an organism to stabilize its input by varying its output?

Bruce

[From Rick Marken (2010.05.15.1400)]

Rick Marken (2010.05.15.1030)--

I think Martin's preamble is OK but I would suggest two main changes:

Actually, three. I forgot to say that you (or someone) should explain
that control is a phenomenon and explain what it _is_.

Best

Rick

···

--
Richard S. Marken PhD
rsmarken@gmail.com
www.mindreadings.com

[From Fred Nickols (2010.05.15.1418 PDT)]

I’m puzzling over Bruce G’s closing sentence below.
I understand that achieving and maintaining correspondence between a perception
and a reference signal requires varying one’s behavior. I can also
see how continuing correspondence might be viewed as “stability.”
But is it accurate to say that input is stabilized by varying output? Is
input being used to designate perception? Isn’t there a difference –
and a big one – between sensory input and our perceptions? I don’t
know; that’s why I’m asking.

Fred Nickols

···

From: Control Systems
Group Network (CSGnet) [mailto:CSGNET@LISTSERV.ILLINOIS.EDU] On Behalf Of Bruce
Gregory
Sent: Saturday, May 15, 2010 1:27 PM
To: CSGNET@LISTSERV.ILLINOIS.EDU
Subject: Re: An Opportunity for PCT PR

[From Bruce Gregory (2010.05.15.1626 EDT)]

[Martin Taylor 2010.05.15.13.32]

Put on your PCT-scientist hat for a moment and consider what is involved
in writing for Wikipedia. What are you trying to achieve by that action? What
is the current state of whatever perception you are controlling, what is your
desired state, and do your actions seem to be reducing the error? If not, are
you reorganizing, trying something different? For me, the desired state is that
a lot of people who now don’t know about or who misunderstand PCT come to know
and appreciate it properly. So, in writing, I try to imagine how one of the
target audience might be led to a correct understanding either from a position
of ignorance or from a position of misunderstanding (such as the lunchtable I
shared with four female scientists who thought PCT was a “male thing”
because it involved “control”, which females care less about).

A more neutral term might be “stabilize.” Even the
word “negative” is open to misunderstanding. Do you have any
objection to saying that feedback allows an organism to stabilize its input by
varying its output?

Bruce

[Martin Taylor 2010.05.15.17.23]
[From Rick Marken (2010.05.15.1200)]

   

Martin Taylor (2010.05.15.13.32)--
     

Rick Marken (2010.05.15.1030)]
       
Gee, I was just going to comment on how good the existing article was.
If it was David G.'s than I say "bravo" David. I don't see anything in
it that is excessively effusive or that suggests that PCT is "fringy".
       

I don't suppose you would. But a lot of people do, including me and several
commentators.
     

What was it that made it look "fringy" to you and them, do you think?

I refer you to my last message (on which you are commenting). Read the page as of the last edit before mine, and imagine yourself having never read anything about PCT before that. Could you imagine that this is serious science? I think not.

Though the fact is that PCT _is_ fringy, inasmuch as it is scorned by
the behavioral science establishment.
       

That's not what "fringy" means to me. What "fringy" means to me is close to
"scientifically disreputable", "unsupportable by data that is predicted by
theory", "off-the-top-of-the-head", "idiosyncratic", etc...
     

I didn't see anything in David's write-up that suggested any of this.
   
Which parts did David write? In the history, the only name I recognize is Gary Cziko.

As for your not seeing any of it, I don't think you can have been very good at imagining you had never heard of PCT. The entire writeup is fine for someone who already knew there was a half century of background work on PCT, but none of that comes out in the writing. It is a mass of bald assertions and what, to PCT-naive person, might be quite controversial statements with no evidientiary support.

Indeed, David's write up made it clear that just the opposite was
true. Maybe you could point to the parts in David's write-up that
suggested these things to you? Also, I didn't see anything in your
addition that corrected these "fringy" impressions. How do you imagine
that your addition made it appear that PCT is not "fringy"?
   
I edited only the prefatory paragraph, and I may not have been successful even there, but I tried to offer both historical background and a motivation for the initial idea of PCT. Furthermore, I pointed out that PCT has been used successfully in applications by reputable bodies.

Compare: "Perceptual control theory (PCT) is a psychological theory of animal and Human behavior originated by unaffiliated scientist William T. Powers. In contrast with other theories of psychology and behavior, which assume that behavior is a function of perception � that perceptual inputs determine or cause behavior � PCT postulates that an organism's behavior is a means of controlling its perceptions. In contrast with engineering control theory, the reference variable for each negative feedback control loop in a control hierarchy is set from within the system (the organism), rather than by an external agent changing the setpoint of the controller.[1] PCT also applies to nonliving autonomic systems.[2]"

with

"Perceptual control theory (PCT) is a psychological theory of animal and Human behavior that follows a tradition from Aristotle through William James, a tradition that emphasises the fact that behaviour is purposeful rather than "reactionary". The unaffiliated scientist William T. Powers recognized that to be purposeful implies control, and that the concepts and methods of engineered control systems could be applied to biological control systems. Powers recognized further that in any control system the variable that is controlled is not the output of the system, but a sensed and transformed function of some state of the environment that could be affected by the control system's output. Powers labelled the controlled variable "perception" because some of these sensed and transformed inputs appear as consciously perceived aspects of the environment. Because control theorists often assert or assume that it is the system's output that is controlled rather than the internal representation of a state of the environment -- "perceptions" in everyday language -- Powers's theory came to be known as "Perceptual Control Theory" or PCT rather than "Control Theory Applied to Psychology".

In recognizing the identification of "purpose" with perceptual control, Powers also recognized a problem with the application of control theory to biological systems. Whereas an engineered control system has a reference value or setpoint adjusted by some external agency, the reference value for a biological control system cannot be set in this way. The setpoint must come from some internal process. Powers noted that if an organism controls inappropriate perceptions or controls some perceptions to inappropriate values, it will die, and hence Natural Selection operates to evolve organisms so that they control those perceptions that, when controlled with appropriate setpoints, tend to maintain critical internal variables within non-lethal limits. Powers called these critical internal variables "intrinsic variables", and the mechanism that influences the development of structures of perceptions to be controlled "reorganization". According to Perceptual Control Theory, reorganization within the individual organism is as subject to natural selection as is the evolved structure of individuals within a species.[1]

Perceptual Control Theory has not been widely accepted in mainstream psychology, but has been effectively used in a considerable range of domains[2] in human factors, clinical psychology, and psychotherapy (the "Method of Levels"), and it has formed the conceptual foundation for the reference model used by a succession of NATO research study groups[3]."

Which one is more likely to suggest to a naive reader that PCT has more going for it than a set of postulates designed to show opposition to what the reader might already bnelieve?

   

Do you think the word "perception" would be applied to the controlled
variables were it not for the fact that some of the controlled variables are
what are called "perception" in everyday language?
     

Of course! Controlled variables are called "controlled perceptual
variables" because of the meaning of "perception" in psychology: a
perception is the output of a neural function that takes sensory
stimulation as its input.

I must say that in my many years as a psychology graduate student and professional student of perception, I never heard of "perception" as having that meaning. I have read various arguments about the "paradoxical" notion of "unconscious perception" or "subconscious perception", mostly in the reading research literature, but those ideas were usually considered quite "fringy", even when well supported by experimental evidence. Never have I heard it as an accepted idea that perception could be the output of any neural function that takes sensory stimulation as its input, whether that output was consciously perceived or not.

I think you are just arguing for the sake of arguing, having nothing really to complain about.

Martin

[Martin Taylor 2010.05.15.17.40]

[From Bruce Gregory (2010.05.15.1626 EDT)]

[Martin Taylor 2010.05.15.13.32]

Put on your PCT-scientist hat for a moment and consider what

is involved in writing for Wikipedia. What are you trying to achieve by
that action? What is the current state of whatever perception you are
controlling, what is your desired state, and do your actions seem to be
reducing the error? If not, are you reorganizing, trying something
different? For me, the desired state is that a lot of people who now
don’t know about or who misunderstand PCT come to know and appreciate
it properly. So, in writing, I try to imagine how one of the target
audience might be led to a correct understanding either from a position
of ignorance or from a position of misunderstanding (such as the
lunchtable I shared with four female scientists who thought PCT was a
“male thing” because it involved “control”, which females care less
about).

A more neutral term might be “stabilize.” Even the word
“negative” is open to misunderstanding. Do you have any objection to
saying that feedback allows an organism to stabilize its input by
varying its output?

I have no objection at all, but “negative feedback” and “control” are
terms well used in the control engineering community, and we can’t
really get away from them. It is true that “negative feedback” is often
used in a social context to mean feedback that indicates displeasure on
the part of another, and yes, it leads to confusion. I don’t however,
see much possibility of changing the usage in technical discussions of
feedback loops, whether control or not. I could imagine talking of a
“stabilization loop” rather than a “control loop”. In fact, it seems a
bit more descriptive of what is going on (except in the case of varying
reference levels, in which case “control” is better).

Martin