Belief in being right

[From Bill Powers (990103.1221 MST)]

Bruce Gregory (981230.1235)--

Rick Marken (981230.0920)

Kenny Kitzke (981230 12:00 EST) --

> Perhaps, we should start a CSG debate net on right or wrong?

Excellent idea!

PCT explains why right and wrong exist. This is what
distinguishes PCT from S-R, reinforcement and cognitive models
of human nature. There is no right and wrong in S-R, reinforcement
and cognitive models; behavior (according to these models) is
just a "bunch of stuff that happens"; human "doings" that are
determined by external causes or internal plans. In PCT, behavior
is aimed at making one's own perceptions _right_. What is right for
humans (according to PCT) is having their perceptions under control
(matching their references); what is wrong for humans is not
having their perceptions under control (not matching their
references).

True enough, but that is only a description of our organization, not a
prescription for what our specific reference signals "should" be. "Should"
and "ought" are features of rhetoric, the art of persuasion. If I can
convince you that you "should" behave or "ought to" behave in some way,
then you will behave in the way I prefer. But is that the "right" way, in
any objective sense? All such judgments are subjective and ego-centered,
aren't they? They're all made relative to some provisional clause, such as
"... if you want to live with the least possible stress" or "... if you
want to go to heaven," and so on.

Best,

Bill P.
'

[From Rick Marken (990103.1300 PST)]

Kenny Kitzke (981230 12:00 EST) --

Perhaps, we should start a CSG debate net on right or wrong?

Rick Marken (981230.0920) --

Excellent idea!

PCT explains why right and wrong exist...What is right for humans
(according to PCT) is having their perceptions under control
(matching their references); what is wrong for humans is not
having their perceptions under control (not matching their
references).

Bill Powers (990103.1221 MST)

True enough, but that is only a description of our organization,
not a prescription for what our specific reference signals
"should" be.

Exactly. I was hoping that we could discuss morality (judgements
of the rightness and wrongness of behavior) from the point of view
of the HPCT model of human organization. I think HPCT provides
all kinds of useful insights about the nature of moral judgement.For
example, the HPCT model suggests that moral judgements are made in
terms of _at least_ three types of perceptual variable (representing
three levels of the PCT hierarchy); rules (programs) like "if thou
killeth then you hast sinned", "if thou beareth false witness then
thou hast sinned"; principles like "respect", "revenge", "justice";
and system concepts like "Christian", "Jew" and "Scientist".

I think morality tends to be discussed almost exclusively in terms
of it's content and phiosophical justifications; which perceptions
are right, which are wrong and why these particualr perceptions
should be consdidered right or wrong. I think PCT gives us a chance
to go "up a level" and look at moral behavior in terms of _what it
is_; what is the nature of a system that judges it's own and other
people's behavior as right or wrong? For example, we could look at
Clinton's behavior and the reaction to it in terms of a PCT model
of what these all these people are doing -- what they are controlling
for --without fighting over who is "really" doing things that are
right or wrong.

Or we could just work on the bug equations;-) I presume these are
the environmental equations that relate the bug's outputs to its
inputs?

Best

Rick

···

---
Richard S. Marken Phone or Fax: 310 474-0313
Life Learning Associates e-mail: rmarken@earthlink.net
http://home.earthlink.net/~rmarken/

[From Bruce Gregory (990103.1622 EST)]

Rick Marken (990103.1300 PST)

I think PCT gives us a chance
to go "up a level" and look at moral behavior in terms of _what it
is_; what is the nature of a system that judges it's own and other
people's behavior as right or wrong? For example, we could look at
Clinton's behavior and the reaction to it in terms of a PCT model
of what these all these people are doing -- what they are controlling
for --without fighting over who is "really" doing things that are
right or wrong.

Clinton is controlling for remaining in office. The Republicans are
controlling for removing Clinton from office. The rest is rationalization.
As Keats observed, "That is all ye know on earth, and all ye need to know."

Bruce Gregory

[From Rick Marken (990103.1725)]

Me:

I think PCT gives us a chance to go "up a level" and look at moral
behavior in terms of _what it is_; what is the nature of a system
that judges it's own and other people's behavior as right or wrong?
For example, we could look at Clinton's behavior and the reaction
to it in terms of a PCT model of what these all these people are
doing -- what they are controlling for

Bruce Gregory (990103.1622 EST) --

Clinton is controlling for remaining in office. The Republicans are
controlling for removing Clinton from office. The rest is
rationalization. As Keats observed, "That is all ye know on earth,
and all ye need to know."

Okay. Perhaps you could suggest an example that is a little more
interesting than the one depicted on this "Grecian Urn" -- one
that _does_ have a moral dimension.

Best

Ricky Bysshe Shelly

···

--

Richard S. Marken Phone or Fax: 310 474-0313
Life Learning Associates e-mail: rmarken@earthlink.net
http://home.earthlink.net/~rmarken/

[From Bruce Gregory (990104.0945 EST)]

Rick Marken (990103.1725)]

Okay. Perhaps you could suggest an example that is a little more
interesting than the one depicted on this "Grecian Urn" -- one
that _does_ have a moral dimension.

Sorry, I can't think of any. I'm sure there are others who are better at
discerning moral issues than I. In all the examples I come up with,
moral dimensions seem to be little more than rationalizations linked to
the desire to maintain control.

Bruce Gregory

[From Rick Marken (990104.1420)]

Bruce Gregory (990104.0945 EST)]

In all the examples I come up with, moral dimensions seem to be
little more than rationalizations linked to the desire to maintain
control.

That may be.

I guess I was just interested in discussing morality from a PCT
perspective. Many people seem to think it's important to be
able to declare that behavior X is right and behavior Y is
wrong. One of the central myths of the Judeo-Christian religion
is the story of the Ten Commandments. The story suggests that,
left to their own devices, people will go haywire, generating
any behavior they want (like worshipping golden calves and whatnot).
The story suggests that people need an external authority (like God)
to tell them which behaviors are right and which are wrong.

In fact, many people do spend a good deal of their time either trying
to convince each other that behavior X is really right and that
behavior Y is really wrong; or they spend a great deal of time meeting
together to publicly agree that behavior X is really right and
that behavior Y is really wrong. For a large portion of our population
(the part involved in the legal and the religious systems) their job
is to determine whether behavior X is really right or wrong.

I think PCT should have something to say about this kind of behaivor.
Moralizing is something people do; and most people seem to take it
_very_ seriously. PCT is a model of the systems that do this
moralizing. So I think we could learn something important about
moralizing systems and, possibly, suggest more useful ways to do
this moralizing if we could understand what is actually going
on when people moralize. It would also provide a nice chance for
science to become involved in a discussion it has always avoided
in deference to religion -- the discussion of human values.

Best

Rick

···

--
Richard S. Marken Phone or Fax: 310 474-0313
Life Learning Associates e-mail: rmarken@earthlink.net
http://home.earthlink.net/~rmarken

This is from Phil Runkel on 4 Jan 99.

Happy futures to all.

Rick Marken on 4 Jan 99 wrote: "PCT [might] suggest more useful ways to
do this moralizing."

I'm for it! I mean I think that is a promising project.

--Phil R.

[Martin Taylor 981229 20:25]

[From Rick Marken (981229.1400)]

Me to Bruce Gregory:

Here's a list. See if you can answer "yes" to any of these.

1. I believe for every drop of rain that falls a flower grows.

...

4. I believe that Rick Marken is obsessed with being right.

Rikki Westerschulte (981229) jumps right in with:

I believe in #4!!!!!!!!!!!

For those of you who are interested, Rikki is my adorable
sister-in-law who has a great sense of humor (and great
taste in sweaters; thanks!). Leave it to Rikki to come
up with something completely off the wall like me being
obsessed with being right;-)

I think a lot of people might not take it as a joke... But I don't believe
#4 in the obvious way that Rick's original question list suggested. And
it raises some very interesting points about belief, and about being right.

Firstly, if you believe something, it is, for you, right. Always. It's
when you are uncertain about something that you may "be obsessed with
being right" -- which is to say that you are controlling your perception
of uncertainty about something to a reference level of zero, with high gain.

But that's not what the question seems to mean, is it?

The question seems to mean "I believe Rick is obsessed with being
acknowledged to be right." That belief is more subtle. Taken at face
value, to believe this would be to believe Rick to be a person one would
not wish to know. But that's wrong. He's a very nice person to know.

It could also mean "I believe Rick is obsessed with getting people to
understand as right what he believes to be right." That may be correct,
but it's inadequate. It explains nothing.

Let's consider a few levels of this.

I'm sticking to my notion that a "belief" is a perception of some state of
the world, usually of the way the world works. Proposition 4 is a possible
state of a perception of the way Rick works.

If "the way Rick works" is that he is controlling at high gain to be able
to perceive that CSGnet readers understand PCT the way he does (which is a
restricted form of "being acknowledged to be right"), one may ask where
this reference level comes from. One might guess that he might believe that
a person who "correctly" understands PCT would then be better able to control
his or her own perceptions, and therefore be happier. That belief, along
with a reference of "high" for the perception of "number of happy people"
would lead to actions consistent with "obsession for being seen to be right."

The belief that a person who correctly understands PCT will be happier is
a perception of the way the world works. If there is a reference perception
for seeing more and more people happy, then the belief presents a mechanism
for action to bring the perception of number of happy people nearer its
reference.

Of course, one could be less charitable, and believe that "the way Rick works"
is that he controls at high gain to be seen as an infallible guru. Without
applying the Test, one can't distinguish these two (and a myriad of other)
possibilities. Having informally applied the Test in face-to-face
conversation, I judge that the "infallible guru" self-perception is not one
Rick controls for, but I cannot say that he is not controlling the "perceive
CSGnet readers as understanding PCT" to a high-valued reference level.

But another belief comes in, here. It is the belief that one does/does not
understand PCT well. And there we come to the question of what is meant by
PCT? Is it a set of canon laws promulgated by an authority, like a religion,
or is it a description of the way the world works--in other words, a set
of beliefs, beliefs that define what would happen if one were to act in
certain ways on the world...to experiment? If PCT changes, is it still PCT?

If one believes that one truly understands PCT, and that anyone who has a
different interpretation does not, then one is treating PCT as a religion,
not a science. But if one believes that one has some uncertainty about
the implications of PCT, or about ways of looking at it, then one cannot
control at a very high gain for having other people understand it as one
does oneself. For the others might in some cases have a more correct
understanding, and if one sustains and wins a conflict, the others
would reduce the correctness of their understanding of the world.

No scientist can be "obsessed with being acknowledged to be right." All
scientists should be "obsessed with being right" (finding out in what ways
they are wrong).

Martin

[From Rick Marken (981230.0750)]

Martin Taylor (981229 20:25) --

if you believe something, it is, for you, right. Always.

Yes. I agree. I think the problem is that we are using the word
"belief" to refer to two things: the reference for the state of
a perceptual variable and the the perceptual variable itself.
For example, when I say "I believe Jews are very stingy" I am
referring to a perceptual variable (the stingyness of Jews) and
(according to Bill Powers and me, I guess) I am also describing my
reference for the state of that variable ("very stingy") and,
thus, implicitly defining the state of this perceptual variable
that I will find "right"; the level of "stingyness of Jews" that is
at my reference level (my belief) for this variable. So if I meet
a Jew who seems non-stingy I will have a perception that differs
perception seems "wrong". If my belief about the stingyness of
Jews functions as a reference signal then I will act to make my
perception (of the stingyness of this Jew) match that reference.
This may require varying some imagined perceptions from lower
levels.

No scientist can be "obsessed with being acknowledged to be
right." All scientists should be "obsessed with being right"
(finding out in what ways they are wrong).

Well put.

Best

Rick

···

from my reference for (belief about) that perception; the
---
Richard S. Marken Phone or Fax: 310 474-0313
Life Learning Associates e-mail: rmarken@earthlink.net
http://home.earthlink.net/~rmarken

[From Bruce Gregory (981230.1135 EDT)]

Rick Marken (981230.0750)

I think the problem is that we are using the word
"belief" to refer to two things: the reference for the state of
a perceptual variable and the perceptual variable itself.
For example, when I say "I believe Jews are very stingy" I am
referring to a perceptual variable (the stinginess of Jews) and
(according to Bill Powers and me, I guess) I am also describing my
reference for the state of that variable ("very stingy") and,
thus, implicitly defining the state of this perceptual variable
that I will find "right"; the level of "stinginess of Jews" that is
at my reference level (my belief) for this variable. So if I meet
a Jew who seems non-stingy I will have a perception that differs
from my reference for (belief about) that perception; the
perception seems "wrong". If my belief about the stinginess of
Jews functions as a reference signal then I will act to make my
perception (of the stinginess of this Jew) match that reference.
This may require varying some imagined perceptions from lower
levels.

This assumes that there is a control loop in place that allows you to
control your perception of the stinginess of Jews. Since there are many
perceptions that we cannot or do not control, it's not obvious, to me at
least, how to distinguish between perceptions I control and those I do not
control except by observing my own efforts to control. Thus my apparently
strange statement that I must discover my own beliefs by observing what I
do. If I continually try to make you wrong, I have evidence that a belief is
at work.

Bruce Gregory

[From Kenny Kitzke (981230 12:00 EST]

<Martin Taylor 981229 20:25]>

<If "the way Rick works" is that he is controlling at high gain to be able
to perceive that CSGnet readers understand PCT the way he does (which is a
restricted form of "being acknowledged to be right"), one may ask where
this reference level comes from.>

It comes from where all reference perceptions come from. Higher levels of
perception. I appreciate when Rick behaves this way. I have learned very
much from him about PCT and its application.

But, Rick's recent madness tirade against Republicans, while explained by
PCT, adds little to this forum IMHP (in my humble perception). These posts
are nothing more than his perceptions about what the behavior of others are
and his perceptions of how he would like them to be.

He makes derogatory statements about other people and what he perceives to
be their purposes. This is all contrary to PCT as I understand it. It is
folly. It should not be done to improve anyones happiness. If anyone
wants to know what Rick thinks about and perceives about life and science
and religion, I'm sure they could ask. But, Rick likes to tell and
ridicule and use gutter language. Is this the way he intends to bring
happiness in PCT to the world?
Will Rick's PCT expertise be questioned if he tries to persuade others on
the CSGNET to hold the reference variables and levels and beliefs about
President Clinton that he has?

I guess not. I think they are different issues. Apparently, most of the
CSGNet members either like to hear Rick's perceptions or simply do not post
regarding them as they see it is just Rick doing something he wants without
respect or regard for those of other beliefs and perceptions on this forum.

Perhaps, we should start a CSG debate net on right or wrong? PCT has no
bearing on this as far as I know. Of course, I might be wrong in Rick's
eyes. :sunglasses:

Respectively,

Kenny

[From Rick Marken (981230.0920)]

Kenny Kitzke (981230 12:00 EST) --

Perhaps, we should start a CSG debate net on right or wrong?

Excellent idea!

PCT has no bearing on this as far as I know.

I think it does. Indeed, I think PCT is all about right and
wrong. PCT explains why right and wrong exist. This is what
distinguishes PCT from S-R, reinforcement and cognitive models
of human nature. There is no right and wrong in S-R, reinforcement
and cognitive models; behavior (according to these models) is
just a "bunch of stuff that happens"; human "doings" that are
determined by external causes or internal plans. In PCT, behavior
is aimed at making one's own perceptions _right_. What is right for
humans (accoring to PCT) is having their perceptions under control
(matching their references); what is wrong for humans is not
having their perceptions under control (not matching their
references).

Best

Rick

···

--
Richard S. Marken Phone or Fax: 310 474-0313
Life Learning Associates e-mail: rmarken@earthlink.net
http://home.earthlink.net/~rmarken

[From Rick Marken (981230.0930)]

Bruce Gregory (981230.1135 EDT)--

This assumes that there is a control loop in place that allows
you to control your perception of the stinginess of Jews. Since
there are many perceptions that we cannot or do not control, it's
not obvious, to me at least, how to distinguish between perceptions
I control and those I do not control except by observing my own
efforts to control.

This is where imagination comes in. I think we control for many
beliefs by compensating for disturbances via imagination. When
people do this it's called rationalization or prejudice. If my
perception of the stinginess of a particular Jew doesn't match
my belief -- and if I am not willing to change my belief -- I
can always resort to imagination: the person isn't a _real_ Jew,
or he's just an exception, or he's covering up his real stingyness,
etc. I think it's pretty easy to "fix up" perceptions and get them
to match beliefs (references for these perceptions) using imagination.
Indeed, I think this process of "control by imagination" is what
keeps silly beliefs going. The brilliance of Western science
was the development of a formal procedure that prevents control
by imagination. In science one has to subject one's beliefs to
test by seeing if one can produce the _real_ (not imagined)
perceptions one believes in; if not, one has to be willing to
_revise_ one's beliefs.

Best

Rick

···

---
Richard S. Marken Phone or Fax: 310 474-0313
Life Learning Associates e-mail: rmarken@earthlink.net
http://home.earthlink.net/~rmarken

[From Bruce Gregory (981230.1235)]

Rick Marken (981230.0920)

Kenny Kitzke (981230 12:00 EST) --

> Perhaps, we should start a CSG debate net on right or wrong?

Excellent idea!

> PCT has no bearing on this as far as I know.

I think it does. Indeed, I think PCT is all about right and
wrong. PCT explains why right and wrong exist. This is what
distinguishes PCT from S-R, reinforcement and cognitive models
of human nature. There is no right and wrong in S-R, reinforcement
and cognitive models; behavior (according to these models) is
just a "bunch of stuff that happens"; human "doings" that are
determined by external causes or internal plans. In PCT, behavior
is aimed at making one's own perceptions _right_. What is right for
humans (according to PCT) is having their perceptions under control
(matching their references); what is wrong for humans is not
having their perceptions under control (not matching their
references).

You are using right and wrong in a different way than Ken is. Ken is talking
about what we "ought" to do. You are talking about what we do. If devouring
your infant child accorded with your desired perceptual state, you would say
it is the right thing to do. Ken would say it is wrong. If you accept Hume's
distinctions, you cannot derive an "ought" from an "is". If you do not
accept Hume's arguments, you may have to develop a convincing alternative if
you want to convert many folks to your model.

Bruce Gregory

[From Rick Marken (981230.1000)]

Bruce Gregory (981230.1235) --

You are using right and wrong in a different way than Ken is.
Ken is talking about what we "ought" to do.

Good point. I agree. I think PCT also explains why a person
might think that others _ought_ to do one thing rather than
another.

If devouring your infant child accorded with your desired
perceptual state, you would say it is the right thing to do.
Ken would say it is wrong. If you accept Hume's distinctions,
you cannot derive an "ought" from an "is".

Ok. _Why_ would Ken (or anyone) say it is wrong?

Best

Rick

···

---
Richard S. Marken Phone or Fax: 310 474-0313
Life Learning Associates e-mail: rmarken@earthlink.net
http://home.earthlink.net/~rmarken

[From Bruce Gregory (981230.1300 EST)]

Rick Marken (981230.0930)

Bruce Gregory (981230.1135 EST)--

> This assumes that there is a control loop in place that allows
> you to control your perception of the stinginess of Jews. Since
> there are many perceptions that we cannot or do not control, it's
> not obvious, to me at least, how to distinguish between perceptions
> I control and those I do not control except by observing my own
> efforts to control.

This is where imagination comes in. I think we control for many
beliefs by compensating for disturbances via imagination. When
people do this it's called rationalization or prejudice.

Yes, this is a good point. One problem is that the split-brain studies of
Gazzanaga and his associates raise the possibility that we often cannot
recognize that we are rationalizing. The same phenomenon emerges with
"recovered memories". These can be totally bogus but seem completely real to
the individual.

If my
perception of the stinginess of a particular Jew doesn't match
my belief -- and if I am not willing to change my belief -- I
can always resort to imagination: the person isn't a _real_ Jew,
or he's just an exception, or he's covering up his real stinginess,
etc.

There may be a good evolutionary reason for this, however. Fool me once,
shame on you. Fool me twice, shame on me.

I think it's pretty easy to "fix up" perceptions and get them
to match beliefs (references for these perceptions) using imagination.
Indeed, I think this process of "control by imagination" is what
keeps silly beliefs going.

It also keeps very sound beliefs going. Magicians do many unbelievable
things. In fact, we don't believe them even though we often cannot fix up
our perceptions to explain them.

The brilliance of Western science
was the development of a formal procedure that prevents control
by imagination. In science one has to subject one's beliefs to
test by seeing if one can produce the _real_ (not imagined)
perceptions one believes in; if not, one has to be willing to
_revise_ one's beliefs.

The success of Western science may have more to do with peer review than
with our individual success in sorting out real from imagined perceptions.
See the literature on N-rays, for example.

Bruce Gregory

[From Bruce Gregory (981230.1410 EST)]

Rick Marken (981230.1000)

Ok. _Why_ would Ken (or anyone) say it is wrong?

I won't presume to speak for Ken or anyone else, but I am reasonably sure
the reason has nothing to do with an improved scientific understanding of
how human beings work.

Bruce Gregory

[From Richard Kennaway (981230.2021 GMT)]

Bruce Gregory (981230.1135 EDT):

Thus my apparently
strange statement that I must discover my own beliefs by observing what I
do.

Actually, that's a common theme of self-improvement courses: that whatever
you say you believe, what you actually believe is demonstrated by your
actions. Getting someone to see that their actions and their words are
wildly out of synch can be hard work.

-- Richard Kennaway, jrk@sys.uea.ac.uk, http://www.sys.uea.ac.uk/~jrk/
   School of Information Systems, Univ. of East Anglia, Norwich, U.K.

[From Rick Marken (981230.1240)]

Me:

Ok. _Why_ would Ken (or anyone) say it [devouring your infant
child] is wrong?

Bruce Gregory (981230.1410 EST)--

I won't presume to speak for Ken or anyone else, but I am
reasonably sure the reason has nothing to do with an improved
scientific understanding of how human beings work.

I agree. So what do you think the reason is? Why would Ken (or
you or I) say that devouring your infant child infant is wrong?
And, for that matter, why might some of us (not me) say that
killing your first born at god's behest is right?

Best

Rick

···

--
Richard S. Marken Phone or Fax: 310 474-0313
Life Learning Associates e-mail: rmarken@earthlink.net
http://home.earthlink.net/~rmarken

[From Rick Marken (981230.1300)]

Me:

This is where imagination comes in. I think we control for many
beliefs by compensating for disturbances via imagination. When
people do this it's called rationalization or prejudice.

Bruce Gregory (981230.1300 EST)--

Yes, this is a good point. One problem is that the split-brain
studies of Gazzanaga and his associates raise the possibility
that we often cannot recognize that we are rationalizing.

This is not a problem; I don't think people need to recognize
that they are rationalizing (controlling via imagination) in
order to be able to rationalize.

It [control via imagination] also keeps very sound beliefs going.
Magicians do many unbelievable things.

What do you mean by "sound"? I consider a sound belief one that
is continually supported by the results of appropriate experimental
tests. I consider my belief in PCT sound. I consider a belief in
magic unsound because appropriate experimental tests (looking
from the appropriate angles; checking the contents of hands and
pockets at appropriate times, etc) would quickly reveal that what
one believes is happening is not what is happening (exit Uri
Geller, stage right).

The success of Western science may have more to do with peer
review than with our individual success in sorting out real
from imagined perceptions.

I didn't say science was successful because it sorts out real
from imagined perceptions (if you can't reliably tell the
difference between real and imagined perceptions you just can't
do science). Science succeeds by testing beliefs against what is
observed (perceived) in appropriately designed experimental tests.
Peer review is certainly helpful as long as all the peers are
playing the science game.

See the literature on N-rays, for example.

I'm not familiar with this literature but my guess is that the
peers pointed out flaws in the way the observations we made. I'm
sure it wasn't because the peers "out opinioned" the discover
of N-rays.

Best

Rick

···

---
Richard S. Marken Phone or Fax: 310 474-0313
Life Learning Associates e-mail: rmarken@earthlink.net
http://home.earthlink.net/~rmarken