Conventional vs PCT psychology

[From Rick Marken (2009.08.15.1030)]

Bill Powers (2009.08.15.0855 MDT)--

Only if you seek your own answers
will your own ability to reorganize come into play. That is how all
education works. Education depends entirely on the child's ability to
reorganize. That works for adults, too.

This thread, and certainly this little segment quoted above, took me
back to the beginnings of my period of reorganization during which I
was learning how to look at behavior through control theory glasses.
In particular, I remember a time in January 1978 when we were visiting
friends at Stanford University, getting away from icy Minneapolis
during the Winter "Interim" period at Augsburg College. Some months
before I had read B:CP and was starting to reorganize my thoughts
about how behavior worked. I remember one day on the beautiful
Stanford campus taking some time to search through the library to try
to find other writings by this fellow Powers. I remember being
thrilled to find a recent chapter by Powers in a book on Consciousness
and I zeroxed it immediately. So now I had two items by Powers and
they were both great. "Who is this guy?", I wondered. Anyway, it was
on that same trip to Stanford that my friends introduced me this
unbelievable new thing called the micro computer, which would be
instrumental in my further reorganization into a control theorist.

Part of the charm of this memory for me is that it reminds me of how
different things were than as compared to now. Then, finding stuff by
Powers was like mining for gold. Now I can get all the gold I want by
just firing up my e-mail.

Oh, and the story also shows that outsiders can't reorganize you; only
you can reorganize yourself. Bill's work didn't cause me to reorganize
myself into a control theorist; I was apparently not satisfied with
the conventional view of behavior that I had learned and I was lucky
to find B:CP, which helped me move in a direction that reduced that
error. So I would say "Thanks, Bill" but I really have only myself to
thank;-)

Thanks, Bill

Best

Rick

···

--
Richard S. Marken PhD
rsmarken@gmail.com
www.mindreadings.com

[From David Goldstein (2009.08.15.14:20 EDT)]
[About Bill Powers (2009.08.15.0855 MDT)]

BP: If you have
different ideas, by all means put them on the table.
DG: You have had different ideas. Don't you remember the "hose model" which I described on page 22 of the paper I presented at the last CSG Conference. Go to:
http://www.csg-annual-conference.com/Untitled_7/MOL%20Therapy%20Case%20of%20AF.pdfBP: But is causing and guiding reorganization the onlypurpose of talking?DG: Of course not. We talk because it is fun, because we are being social,and it gives us a sense of connection. I do believe that we can learn fromeach other by talking just like we are doing now.BP: The abuse is not causing the reoganization, but the internal errors thatresult from the abuse arecausing it.DG: This seems to be playing with words. Without the abuse, there would beno internal errors.DG: Your example involving a backhand in tennis was really good for me. Itis involving perceptual/motor learning. Don't you think that this happenswith talking, just like we are doing now, or just like might take place intherapy?BP: An abused child has not been "damaged" except in the physical sense.But the reorganizations that the child's system has generated havegreatly changed the child.DG: You should spend some time at the !
residential center where I work. Youwould see the negative impact of the abuse and neglect they haveexperienced. The way you put it could be misinterpreted to mean that you areblaming the child.BP: Don't forget that when you speak of studies that discover facts aboutbehavior, you mean psychological facts, not real facts. Unlike mostother facts, psychological facts don't have to be true all of the time.DG: I forgot one of WTP Commandments, sorry.DG: It seems that the ideas of Reorganization are not taking into accountthe result of cultural transmission. I don't need to Reorganize as if I werea caveman. I can build on what other people have done which has beentransmitted to me in school and my culture..

[From Bill Powers (2009.08.15.1438 MDT)]

David Goldstein (2009.08.15.14:20 EDT) –

DG: I do believe that we can
learn from each other by talking just like we are doing
now.

BP: So we can. But we can’t reorganize from it. Reorganization is not
passed from one person to another. You can’t digest my food for me and
you can’t reorganize for me. You can’t tell me how to digest my food and
you can’t tell me how to reorganize.

BP earlier: The abuse is not
causing the reoganization, but the internal errors thatresult from the
abuse are causing it.

DG: This seems to be playing with words. Without the abuse, there would
be no internal errors.

BP: There might be fewer internal errors. But there is no connection
between the kind of thing that causes the errors and the changes that are
produced by reorganization. It could be that the abuse results in
reorganization. But the process of reorganizing is random; it is not
related to the kind of abuse or even the effects of the abuse. It is
RANDOM. If the random reorganization results in lowering the error
produced by the abuse (or by anything else), the reorganization slows
down or stops. That leaves you with a new organization of behavior which
happens to have the side-effect of reducing the errors caused by the
abuse. If the abuse goes away, you are still left with that new
organization; it has become part of you.

DG: Your example involving a
backhand in tennis was really good for me. Itis involving
perceptual/motor learning. Don’t you think that this happens with
talking, just like we are doing now, or just like might take place
intherapy?

BP: Are you sure you understood all of that example? I said that I could
change your behavior by serving to your backhand instead of your
forehand. But that did not reorganize you; it simply disturbed another
control system that you already had. You didn’t need to change anything
about the way you were hooked up inside to switch from one behavior to
the other. Similarly, in talking back and forth here or in therapy, you
don’t need to learn anything new to carry on the conversation. Where
reorganization was involved in that example was when I supposed you would
get fed up with being beaten on the backhand side and out of despair,
start reorganizing. Then you would start acting differently under the
same circumstances.

When reorganization does happen, it happens from inside the person who is
reorganizing. Something perceived one way is suddenly perceived
differently. Some action formerly used to counteract disturbances drops
out and a new action replaces it. The situation hasn’t changed; you have
changed.

BP: An abused child has not been
“damaged” except in the physical sense.But the reorganizations
that the child’s system has generated have greatly changed the
child.

DG: You should spend some time
at the residential center where I work. You would see the negative impact
of the abuse and neglect they have experienced. The way you put it could
be misinterpreted to mean that you are blaming the
child.

BP: But that would be a misinterpretation, wouldn’t it? If I were
at your residential center I would see the same unhappiness and social
friction that you see, but I would see it as the organization of defenses
that the child had learned to use because in some way they limited the
damage. Wasn’t that Freud’s view, too?

I don’t “blame the child” for the damage, but I do bring the
encouraging news that the changes in the child were not caused by the
abuse or the damage, so they are not permanent and the mechanism for
undoing the problems is available to the child and can still be used.
What the child accomplished by reorganizing is no longer needed and can
be undone by reorganizing. When you say that the current state of the
child was caused by previous abuse, you are hinting that it’s the same as
seeing a child paralyzed for life by a crash with a drunken driver. There
is no undoing that kind of damage; all you can do is try to make life a
little better. I think you can do better than that for a child who is
only rebellious or hostile.

It seems to me that the ones who “blame the child” are the ones
who take what the child does personally, and punish the child for doing
what he or she learned to do as a way of fending off the abuse suffered
somewhere else. The blamers are the ones who are offended by a child’s
bad language, or refusal to do what is ordered, or by a child showing
disrespect for the staff or breaking the rules of the institution. In my
view, that sort of blaming is unprofessional conduct.

BP: Don’t forget that when you
speak of studies that discover facts about behavior, you mean
psychological facts, not real facts. Unlike most other facts,
psychological facts don’t have to be true all of the
time.

DG: I forgot one of WTP
Commandments, sorry.

BP: I see you have chosen to think of my views on facts as something
trivial that can be dismissed with a trivial comment. Of course they can
be dismissed that way; you just proved it. But how about giving a serious
comment on that subject? It seems to me that you’ve pretty much avoided
giving any measured thought to the low quality of psychological facts.
How do you explain the behavior of the large numbers of people who behave
contrary to those facts?

DG: It seems that the ideas of
Reorganization are not taking into account the result of cultural
transmission. I don’t need to Reorganize as if I were a caveman. I can
build on what other people have done which has beentransmitted to me in
school and my culture…

BP: Not without reorganizing, you can’t. You are not an empty receptacle
that is filled from the gushing cornucopia of culture. People who do
learn that way don’t learn much. They learn how to shake hands but they
don’t see the advantages of politeness. Nothing comes out of them that
wasn’t put in. If you don’t reorganize in school, how can you change your
beliefs or goals or understanding? How can you learn anything new? If
school only validates what you already believed, have you learned
anything of importance?

I guess I shouldn’t argue back about these issues, but if I take another
approach I could be accused of starting an MOL session without
permission. Actually, my arguing back makes it harder to take an MOL
attitude toward the discussion, on either side.

Best,

Bill P.

[From Mike Acree (2009.08.15.1812 PDT)]

Bill Powers (2009.08.13.0910 MDT)--

Thanks, Mike, for your understanding and eloquence. After reading
your post, I let my ego out for a short romp, and it was nice.

Marvelous expression. Maybe I'll have a chance to quote it someday.

Had it not seemed too much of a digression in my previous message, I
would have added that the one other theory of psychotherapy which had
aroused my interest was Jay Haley's, in his book _Strategies of
Psychotherapy_. It is presumably no accident that these two general
theories of psychotherapy (his and yours) would not have been formulated
by formally trained and credentialed psychotherapists, but rather by
people outside the field (Haley had a master's in communication).

Haley saw as the common element across all therapies the effort by the
therapist to maintain control of the relationship. In directive
therapies, that process is overt and straightforward ("Just put your
left foot in this clamp . . ."), and in extreme instances can involve
physically overpowering the patient. Indirect therapies rely on
metacommunicative strategies. What is interesting here is that
metacommunication, whether the interpretation of psychoanalysis ("It's
not really me but your father that you're angry at") or the reflection
of Rogerian counseling ("I can see your very deep dissatisfaction with
the progress we're making here"), intrinsically moves the communication
up a level, as the therapist refuses to respond to the patient on the
same level. From a PCT perspective it is thus possible to attribute the
occasional success of such maneuvers to their having happened to hit
upon a relevant shift of focus. Patients finding their usual ways of
relating frustrated are left with reorganization. The concept of
maintaining control of the relationship we would be inclined to see as
incidental at most, though I am not sure Haley was wrong about most
therapists insofar as his intention may have been to characterize their
_motive_ in practice. As a power struggle, psychotherapy comes off as a
rather embarrassing and pathetic process, since the patient enters into
it in a frankly one-down position in the first place, and the only cure
for that is leaving the relationship.

So I think Haley had some useful preliminary insights, which were
perhaps rather strongly colored by his own personal orientation; he was
also the author of _The Power Tactics of Jesus Christ_ (another
provocative read). The power and control baggage of course has no place
in MOL; in fact, the more egalitarian structure of Guide and Explorer
recalls the early days of experimental psychology, when the Subject held
the privileged position, and the Experimenter, often a graduate student,
acted more as a guide and recorder.

Mike

[From Bill Powers (2009.08.16.1035 MDT)]

Mike Acree (2009.08.15.1812 PDT) --

So I think Haley had some useful preliminary insights, which were
perhaps rather strongly colored by his own personal orientation; he was
also the author of _The Power Tactics of Jesus Christ_ (another
provocative read). The power and control baggage of course has no place
in MOL; in fact, the more egalitarian structure of Guide and Explorer
recalls the early days of experimental psychology, when the Subject held
the privileged position, and the Experimenter, often a graduate student,
acted more as a guide and recorder.

That's interesting. I think an "egalitarian structure" is still a somewhat unpopular idea among some practitioners. The power and prestige of a title and a license mean a lot; it's hard to see how a person who has had those things, and made sacrifices to get them, could give up the social advantages they seem to confer. Too bad that saying you're an expert on PCT doesn't impress many people yet.

Best,

Bill P.