Evolution of style, Testing

[From Rick Marken (961002.1020)]

Bill Benzon (961001) to Kent McClelland --

I have been called arrogant by many, but you one-upped me there.

I think you seriously misread the tone of Kent's reply, Bill. Kent is many
things -- smart, talented, good-looking -- but he's sure not arrogant.
That's my job;-)

I want to understand the difference between, say, American music now and
American music at the turn of the century...I think a Darwinian approach
might be useful.

I think it is a fascinating question. But I don't see how a Darwinian
approach can work here. As I understand it, in the Darwinian approach the
environment filters out certain phenotypes so that only certain individuals
can survive and reproduce; this biases the genotype pool so that most of the
individuals in subsequent generations have the phenotype that allowed their
ancestors to pass through the survival filter ("Darwin's Hammer"). I suppose
styles of music are like phenotypes; the references for the perception of
particular styles could be considered genotypes. But where is the analog of
Darwin's Hammer? One possibility is the public's reception of the music. But
public opinion doesn't really act like Darwin's Hammer. Few artists who
produce unpopular styles actually die (at least not before they procreate
;-)) And those who do produce successful styles don't seem to pass this on to
the next generation (look what happened to the Bach family after J.S.;-))

I think that an evolutionary process does underly change in musical style,
but I doubt that it is a Darwinian process. It is more purposeful. People
probably develop references for music styles to satisfy other purposes within
themselves: the purpose of making a living, being acclaimed as a genius,
making people happy, etc. When the styles they come up with fail to help them
achieve their purposes, they either change their music style reference or get
out of the business.

Si I think the "selection" of music style is part of an individual's effort
to control her own perceptions; it is not (as in Darwinian evolution) a
passive result of environmental (in this case public opinion) filtering. The
musician controls, say, her perception of "making a living" by varying her
style until that style results in "a living". The style that results in "a
living" is the one that is enjoyed by a sufficient segment of the population
of music listeners. The question, then, is why do people prefer some music
styles over others and why do preferences for different styles change.
Obviously, people don't _just_ control for hearing certain styles of music;
they also seem to control for variety in style. Ultimately, there may be some
built-in limits on what styles people will like, but, obviously those limits
are VERY broad.

Bruce Abbott (961002.0855 EST) --

Me:

The Test is just a method for detecting what people are controlling. It
is not guaranteed to allow the user to know precisely what variable is
being controlled after a few disturbances have been applied.

Ye:

Then why did you claim to know what I am controlling for in our exchanges?

Again, I think I have a pretty good idea about some of the variables you are
controlling. You might not like my verbal description of these variable but
it's rather clear that you are controlling for them.

now you are softening your claim and admitting that you couldn't really be
so sure after all.

No. I am as sure as I can be at this point in the testing. It's a variable
that's tough to describe verbally.

What is a disturbance for me is not your claim to be able to learn what I am
controlling for, but your claim as to what _it is_ that I am controlling
for. I don't like it when people attribute motives to me that are not mine.

There's another variable you are controlling -- not having motives attributed
to you that are not your actual motives. I think this is a variable that
most people (including me) control for. I think people don't like to have
motives attributed to them _at all_ (that's another reason why people don't
like PCT), and they especially don't like it if the attributed motives
are not really their motives. Of course, they also don't like it when the
attributed motives _are_ really there motives -- especially if they are not
stated in the right way. Hitler probably didn't like people attributing to
him the motive of murdering all European Jewry. He probably would have
accepted, however, your diagnosis that his motive was to "improve European
culture".

The problem with using language to describe a high level controlled variable
is that words can be interpreted in so many different ways. I think you
didn't like my description of one of your controlled variables as "seeing no
conflict between PCT and conventional psychology" because you do see some
conflict -- so my description was a disturbance to your perception of the
motives people attribute to you. I agree that it was a poor description of
what you are controlling. Is my currect description of this variable any
better? I would say that you are controlling for "seeing value (to PCT) in
conventional behavioral science methodology".

my suggestion that you are doing miserably is consistent with the fact that
your earlier claim to know what I am controlling for is false. By providing
those answers, I am allowing you to revamp your earlier conclusion; this is
the very opposite of an attempt to hide, and completely at odds with your
new guess that I am attempting to prevent you from identifying my intentions.

Then why wouldn't saying "you are incorrect" have sufficed? Maybe "miserably"
was your way of saying that I was "ice cold" in my guesses about what you are
controlling for. If so, why not just explain what my error was instead of
describing my efforts as "miserable".

By the way, if I am so "miserable" in my efforts to detect the variable you
are controlling for, then I presume that you agree with me that your research
methods textbook (like all other behavioral research methods texts) is of no
value at all to anyone who wants to study purposeful behavior and that you
should immediately begin writing a new research methods books that is all
about Testing for Controlled variables;-)

Best

Le Miserable

I want to understand the difference between, say, American music now and
American music at the turn of the century...I think a Darwinian approach
might be useful.

I think it is a fascinating question. But I don't see how a Darwinian
approach can work here. As I understand it, in the Darwinian approach the
environment filters out certain phenotypes so that only certain individuals
can survive and reproduce; this biases the genotype pool so that most of the
individuals in subsequent generations have the phenotype that allowed their
ancestors to pass through the survival filter ("Darwin's Hammer"). I suppose
styles of music are like phenotypes;

Well...that's not what I had in mind. Styles are paradigms and, in my
view, that makes them the cultural analog of species (see
Account Suspended)

the references for the perception of
particular styles could be considered genotypes.

The genotypes (meme pool) would be all the riffs and licks and tunes that
go into a particular style.

But where is the analog of
Darwin's Hammer? One possibility is the public's reception of the music. But
public opinion doesn't really act like Darwin's Hammer. Few artists who
produce unpopular styles actually die (at least not before they procreate
;-))

We're talking cultural life & death, which is only indirectly linked to
life & death of individual humans. Musical styles definitely go through
phases of popularity and many do die out, or become confined to small loyal
cults.

And those who do produce successful styles don't seem to pass this on to
the next generation (look what happened to the Bach family after J.S.;-))

Again, you're confusing biology w/ culture. What I (and others) am up to is
working with cultural materials in a Darwinian way. It's not about the
life and death of human beings, but of cultural artefacts and processes.

I think that an evolutionary process does underly change in musical style,
but I doubt that it is a Darwinian process. It is more purposeful.People
probably develop references for music styles to satisfy other purposes within
themselves: the purpose of making a living, being acclaimed as a genius,
making people happy, etc. When the styles they come up with fail to help them
achieve their purposes, they either change their music style reference or get
out of the business.

So, how do we think of social purpose and culture? Are they simply the sum
of individual purpose and preference or do we have a genuinely social &
cultural dynamic?

I'm afraid I'm going to have to invoke one of Kent's gambits. I've written
more than a little on this and it's complicated, more than I want to redo
in back and forth posts. The paper on "Culture as an Evolutionary Arena"
gives some general thoughts on a Darwinian approach to culture; some of
those ideas are refined in the somewhat shorter piece which I posted to
this list. I've also got a piece at my website on "Music Making History"
which is about African-American music and its influence on American culture
(Account Suspended). That piece is not written in
evolutionary terms, but such terms were much on my mind when I wrote it.

One of the things I'll be doing over the next stretch of years is seeing if
I can't translate the idea of that music piece into control theory terms,
where I'm dealing with reference levels for some of Kent's virtual actors
(or some such thing).

Q. Has anyone given serious thought to a control theory approach to
evolution? Punctuated evolution sure looks like the population is
"tracking" the environment & when the environment changes (or some
population moves to a new environment) the population changes accordingly.
Is there a way to arrange the causal variables in evolution so we can put
them on the standard servo diagram?

···

********************************************************
William L. Benzon 518.272.4733
161 2nd Street bbenzon@global2000.net
Troy, NY 12180 Account Suspended
USA
********************************************************
What color would you be if you didn't know what you was?
That's what color I am.
********************************************************

[from Jeff Vancouver 961002.15:40 est]

···

On Wed, 2 Oct 1996, Bill Benzon wrote:

Q. Has anyone given serious thought to a control theory approach to
evolution? Punctuated evolution sure looks like the population is
"tracking" the environment & when the environment changes (or some
population moves to a new environment) the population changes accordingly.
Is there a way to arrange the causal variables in evolution so we can put
them on the standard servo diagram?

How is the reference signal internally held?

Later

Jeff

[from Jeff Vancouver 961002.15:40 est]

Q. Has anyone given serious thought to a control theory approach to
evolution? Punctuated evolution sure looks like the population is
"tracking" the environment & when the environment changes (or some
population moves to a new environment) the population changes accordingly.
Is there a way to arrange the causal variables in evolution so we can put
them on the standard servo diagram?

How is the reference signal internally held?

How's it held in the mechanical governor?

···

On Wed, 2 Oct 1996, Bill Benzon wrote:

Later

Jeff

********************************************************
William L. Benzon 518.272.4733
161 2nd Street bbenzon@global2000.net
Troy, NY 12180 Account Suspended
USA
********************************************************
What color would you be if you didn't know what you was?
That's what color I am.
********************************************************

I think that the 'selfish gene' discussion by Richard Dawkins comes pretty
close to a control theory approach to evolution, especially in his
discussions of game theory as a way of understanding it.

I don't think he explicitly invokes control theory (at least not in that
book) but his ideas are compatible with such an approach.

--Kevin

···

----------

From: Bill Benzon <bbenzon@GLOBAL2000.NET>
[snip]
Q. Has anyone given serious thought to a control theory approach to
evolution? Punctuated evolution sure looks like the population is
"tracking" the environment & when the environment changes (or some
population moves to a new environment) the population changes

accordingly.

Is there a way to arrange the causal variables in evolution so we can put
them on the standard servo diagram?

--------------------------------------
Kevin C. Cole
6222 Kincaid Road
Cincinnati, OH 45213
(513) 731-0868
kccole@one.net

Managing Editor, NASTAT News
President, Cole Consulting
R&D Manager, Comware Incorporated
--------------------------------------

[from Jeff Vancouver 961003.12:00 EST]

···

On Wed, 2 Oct 1996, Bill Benzon wrote:

>[from Jeff Vancouver 961002.15:40 est]
>
>On Wed, 2 Oct 1996, Bill Benzon wrote:
>> Q. Has anyone given serious thought to a control theory approach to
>> evolution? Punctuated evolution sure looks like the population is
>> "tracking" the environment & when the environment changes (or some
>> population moves to a new environment) the population changes accordingly.
>> Is there a way to arrange the causal variables in evolution so we can put
>> them on the standard servo diagram?
>
>How is the reference signal internally held?

How's it held in the mechanical governor?

I am not an engineer, but it seems like there lots of way. In the
lavatory, for instance, it is held by the angle of the plunger arm.

Later

Jeff