# INTROCSG.NET (No revision)

**URL:** <http://discourse.iapct.org/t/introcsg-net-no-revision/5453>\
**Category:** CSG1994\
**Created:** [October 2, 1994, 6:42pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/introcsg-net-no-revision/5453 "1994-10-02T18:42:00Z")\
**Posts on this page:** 1\
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<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Dag\_Forssell](http://discourse.iapct.org/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/d/e79b87/32.png) [@Dag\_Forssell](http://discourse.iapct.org/u/Dag_Forssell)\
**Post date:** [October 2, 1994, 6:42pm UTC](http://discourse.iapct.org/t/introcsg-net-no-revision/5453/1 "1994-10-02T18:42:00Z")

</div>

[From Dag Forssell (941002)

> **···**
>
> --------------------------------------------------------
> 
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;INTRODUCTION TO THE CONTROL SYSTEMS GROUP (CSG)  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;AND THE CONTROL SYSTEMS GROUP NETWORK (CSGnet)
> 
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepared by Dag Forssell with Gary Cziko  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Updated 1994.09.01
> 
> This introduction provides information about:
> 
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Our Subject: Perceptual Control Theory  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Evolution of the Control Paradigm  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Demonstrating the Phenomenon of Control  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Purpose of CSGnet  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;CSGnet Participants  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Asking Questions  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Control Systems Group  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accessing and Subscribing to CSGnet  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How to Obtain Text and Program Files  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;References  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Order Forms
> 
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;OUR SUBJECT: PERCEPTUAL CONTROL THEORY
> 
> Here are introductions by Bill and Mary Powers:
> 
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
> 
> &nbsp;&nbsp;There have been two paradigms in the behavioral sciences since  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;the 1600's. One was the idea that events impinging on organisms  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;make them behave as they do. The other, which was developed in  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;the 1930's, is PERCEPTUAL CONTROL THEORY (PCT). Perceptual  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;Control Theory explains how organisms control what happens to  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;them. This means all organisms from the amoeba to humankind. It  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;explains why one organism can't control another without physical  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;violence. It explains why people deprived of any major part of  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;their ability to control soon become dysfunctional, lose  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;interest in life, pine away and die. It explains what a goal is,  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;how goals relate to action, how action affects perceptions and  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;how perceptions define the reality in which we live and move and  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;have our being. Perceptual Control Theory is the first  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;scientific theory that can handle all these phenomena within a  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;single, testable concept of how living systems work.
> 
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;William T. Powers, November 3, 1991
> 
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;While the existence of control mechanisms and processes (such as  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;feedback) in living systems is generally recognized, the  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;implications of control organization go far beyond what is  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;generally accepted. We believe that a fundamental characteristic  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;of organisms is their ability to control; that they are, in  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;fact, living control systems. To distinguish this approach from  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;others using some version of control theory but forcing it to  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;fit conventional approaches, we call ours Perceptual Control  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;Theory, or PCT.
> 
> &nbsp;&nbsp;PCT requires a major shift in thinking from the traditional  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;approach: that what is controlled is not behavior, but  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;perception. Modelling behavior as a dependent variable, as a  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;response to stimuli, provides no explanation for the phenomenon  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;of achieving consistent ends through varying means, and requires  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;an extensive use of statistics to achieve modest (to the point  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;of meaningless) correlations. Attempts to model behavior as  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;planned and computed output can be demonstrated to require  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;levels of precise calculation that are unobtainable in a  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;physical system, and impossible in a real environment that is  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;changing from one moment to the next. The PCT model views  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;behavior as the means by which a perceived state of affairs is  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;brought to and maintained at a reference state. This approach  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;provides a physically plausible explanation for the consistency  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;of outcomes and the variability of means.
> 
> &nbsp;&nbsp;The PCT model has been used to simulate phenomena as diverse as  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;bacterial chemotaxis, tracking a target, and behavior in crowds.  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;In its elaborated form, a hierarchy of perceptual control  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;systems (HPCT), it has lent itself to a computer simulation of  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;tracking, including learning to track, and to new approaches to  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;education, management, and psychotherapy.
> 
> &nbsp;&nbsp;Control systems are not new in the life sciences. However,  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;numerous misapprehensions exist, passed down from what was  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;learned about control theory by non-engineers 40 or 50 years ago  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;without further reference to newer developments or correction of  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;initial misunderstandings. References in the literature to the  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;desirability of positive feedback and the assertion that systems  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;with feedback are slower than S-R systems are simply false, and  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;concerns about stability are unfounded.
> 
> &nbsp;&nbsp;The primary barrier to the adoption of PCT concepts is the  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;belief--or hope--that control theory can simply be absorbed into  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;the mainstream life sciences without disturbing the status quo.  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;It is very hard to believe that one's training and life work,  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;and that of one's mentors, and their mentors, must be  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;fundamentally revised. Therefore, PCT appeals to those who feel  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;some dissatisfaction with the status quo, or who are attracted  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;to the idea of a generative model with broad application  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;throughout the life sciences (plus AI and robotics). There are  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;very few people working in PCT research. Much of its promise is  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;still simply promise, and it meets resistance from all sides. It  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;is frustrating but also tremendously exciting to be a part of  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;the group who believe that they are participating in the birth  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;of a true science of life.  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mary Powers, November 1992
> 
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
> 
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;THE EVOLUTION OF THE CONTROL PARADIGM
> 
> The PCT paradigm originates in 1927, when an engineer named Harold  
> Black completed the technical analysis of closed loop control  
> systems. He was working with the negative feedback amplifier,  
> which is a control device. This led to a new engineering  
> discipline and the development of many purposeful machines.  
> Purposeful machines have built-in intent to achieve consistent  
> ends by variable means under changing conditions.
> 
> The explanation for the phenomenon of control is the first  
> alternative to the linear cause-effect perspective ever proposed  
> in any science.
> 
> The first discussion of purposeful machines and people came in  
> 1943 in a paper called: Behavior, Purpose and Teleology by  
> Rosenblueth, Wiener and Bigelow. This paper also argued that  
> purpose belongs in science as a real phenomenon in the present.  
> Purpose does not mean that somehow the future influences the  
> present.
> 
> The first specific suggestion on how to use the concept of control  
> to understand people came in 1957 in a paper entitled: A General  
> Feedback Theory of Human Behavior by McFarland, Powers and Clark.
> 
> In 1973 William T. (Bill) Powers published a seminal book called  
> "Behavior: the Control of Perception," which still is the major  
> reference for PCT. See literature below.
> 
> This book spells out a complete model of how the human brain and  
> nervous system works like a living perceptual control system. Our  
> brain can be viewed as a system that controls its own perceptions.  
> This view suggests explanations for many previously mysterious  
> aspects of how people interact with their world.
> 
> Perceptual Control Theory has been accepted by independently  
> thinking psychologists, scientists and other interested people.  
> The result is that an association has been formed (the Control  
> System Group), several books published, this CSGnet set up and  
> that at latest count 16 professors are teaching PCT in American  
> universities today.
> 
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;DEMONSTRATING THE PHENOMENON OF CONTROL
> 
> The phenomenon of control is largely unrecognized in science  
> today. It is not well understood in important aspects even by many  
> control engineers. Yet the phenomenon of control, when it is  
> recognized and understood, provides a powerful enhancement to  
> scientific perspectives.
> 
> It is essential to recognize that this phenomenon exists and  
> deserves an explanation before any of the discourse on CSGnet will  
> make sense.
> 
> Please download the introductory demonstration (demo1). See "How to  
> obtain text and program files" below for obtaining files via FTP,  
> Gopher, and e-mail.
> 
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;THE PURPOSE OF CSGnet
> 
> CSGnet provides a forum for development, use and testing of PCT.
> 
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;CSGnet PARTICIPANTS
> 
> Many interests and backgrounds are represented here. Psychology,  
> Sociology, Linguistics, Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, Social  
> Work, Neurology, Modeling and Testing. All are represented and  
> discussed. As of June 1994 there were about 130 individuals from  
> 17 countries subscribed to CSGnet.
> 
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ASKING QUESTIONS
> 
> Please introduce yourself with a statement of your professional  
> interests and background. It will help someone answer if you spell  
> out which demonstrations, introductory papers and references you  
> have taken the time to digest.
> 
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;THE CONTROL SYSTEMS GROUP
> 
> The CSG is an organization of people in the behavioral, social,  
> and life sciences who see the potential in PCT for increased  
> understanding in their own fields and for the unification of  
> diverse and fragmented specialties.
> 
> Annual dues are $45 for full members and $10 for students.
> 
> The eleventh North American annual meeting of the CSG will held  
> somewhere (At some location in the Eastern part of the North  
> American continent or as before in Durango, Colorado, on the campus  
> of Fort Lewis College). It will be held 27-31 July 1994. There will  
> be 7 plenary meetings (mornings and evenings), with afternoons,  
> mealtimes, and late night free for further discussion or  
> recreation. Full details will be available on CSGnet or by mail  
> after April 1, 1994. The second meeting of the European Control  
> Systems Group (ECSG) will be held in 1996. Details to be arranged  
> and posted on this net.
> 
> Net subscribers find it useful to have thematic collections of  
> some of the network discussions, and it enables non-net members  
> to keep up with them. Threads from this net are published on a  
> quarterly basis in a booklet called the Closed Loop. These  
> booklets, distributed to members, are available separately. A  
> complimentary copy of Closed Loop will be sent upon request. Back  
> issues are available: Volume 1 (4 issues) is $12. Single issues  
> of Volume 2, beginning with Jan. 1992, are $6 each.
> 
> For membership information and back issues of Closed Loop, write:  
> CSG, c/o Mary Powers, 73 Ridge Place CR 510, Durango, CO  
> 81301-8136 or send e-mail to \<POWERS\_W%FLC@VAXF.COLORADO.EDU\>.
> 
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ACCESSING AND SUBSCRIBING TO CSGnet
> 
> CSGnet can also be accessed via Usenet where it is listed as the  
> newsgroup "bit.listserv.csg-l."
> 
> To subscribe to the listserv version of CSGnet, and learn about  
> options & commands, subscribers and archives, send a message to
> 
> Internet:
> 
> LISTSERV@VMD.CSO.UIUC.EDU
> 
> Message: (Comments: Not part of your message)
> 
> Subscribe CSG-L Firstname Lastname Institution (Your OWN name!)  
> help (Basic introduction to commands)  
> info refcard (Comprehensive reference of commands)  
> set CSG-L digest (All CSGnet mail delivered once a day)  
> query CSG-L (Your mail status & options)  
> review CSG-L countries (CSG-L subsribers & addresses, by country)  
> index CSG-L (List of archive files available to you)  
> get CSG-L 9401C (Get archive for 3rd week of Jan 1994  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;--shown here as an example only)
> 
> The Bitnet address for the list server is LISTSERV@UIUCVMD. This  
> server is not case sensitive.
> 
> To remove yourself from the subscribe to the listserv version of  
> CSGnet, send a message as follows to \<LISTSERV@VMD.CSO.UIUC.EDU\>:
> 
> Unsub CSG-L
> 
> For the "unsub" command to work, the command must be sent with the  
> same return address used for the original "subscribe" command.
> 
> Messages to the entire CSGnet community should be addressed to  
> \<CSG-L@VMD.CSO.UIUC.EDU\> (Internet) or \<CSG-L@UIUCVMD\> (Bitnet).
> 
> For more information about accessing CSGnet, contact Gary Cziko,  
> the network manager, at \<G-CZIKO@UIUC.EDU\>.
> 
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;HOW TO OBTAIN TEXT AND PROGRAM FILES
> 
> A number of ASCII documents and MS-DOS and Macintosh computer  
> programs are available on a fileserver maintained by Bill Silvert.  
> These files can be obtained via anonymous FTP, Gopher, World Wide  
> Web, and e-mail.
> 
> ANONYMOUS FTP
> 
> For anonymous FTP access, connect to biome.bio.ns.ca, logon as  
> anonymous, giving your e-mail address as your password. The CSG  
> files can be found in the directory pub/csg.
> 
> Two programs of particular interest for MS-DOS machines can be  
> found in the directory pub/csg/pctdemos/filename. The file names  
> are demo1.zip and demo2.zip. They contain Bill Powers's tutorial  
> demonstrations of the phenomenon of control and the perceptual  
> control theory model of behavior. A detailed PCT bibliography  
> compiled by Greg Williams can be found in the directory  
> pub/csg/documents as biblio.pct.
> 
> GOPHER AND WORLD WIDE WEB
> 
> For Gopher access, point your Gopher at biome.bio.ns.ca. This can  
> usually done by following the following path (although the first  
> four steps below may differ depending on how you access Gopher):
> 
> -\> Other Gopher and Information Servers  
> -\> North America  
> -\> Canada  
> -\> Bedford Institute of Oceanography (Canada)  
> -\> Organizations  
> -\> Control Systems Group
> 
> The exact link is:
> 
> Type=1  
> Name=Control Systems Group  
> Path=1/FTP/pub/csg  
> Host=biome.bio.ns.ca  
> Port=70  
> URL: gopher://biome.bio.ns.ca:70/11/FTP/pub/csg
> 
> which can also be used with World Wide Web.
> 
> E-MAIL
> 
> Document files and uuencoded versions of program files can also  
> be obtained via e-mail. Here are some basic commands for obtaining  
> files and information:
> 
> To:
> 
> SERVER@BIOME.BIO.NS.CA
> 
> Message:
> 
> help  
> get pub/csg/00index  
> get pub/csg/pctdemos/00index  
> uue pub/csg/pctdemos/demo1.zip
> 
> "help" requests commands and explanations  
> "get pub/csg/00index" requests index for the csg subdirectory.  
> "uue pub/csg/pctdemos/demo1.zip" requests the file demo1.zip in  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;uuencoded form. You will need uud.exe to uudecode it.
> 
> Pay attention to letter case for commands! On this server, DOS is  
> not dos. The pub/csg/00index you receive in response will show  
> additional directories and enable you to send messages to find out  
> what is available in your area of interest.
> 
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;REFERENCES
> 
> Here are some selected books, papers and computer programs on  
> Perceptual Control Theory. For a very complete list of CSG-related  
> publications, get the file biblio.pct from the fileserver as  
> described above. See order forms at the end.  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
> 
> Bourbon, WT, KE Copeland, VR Dyer, WK Harman & BL Mosely (1990).  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;On the accuracy and reliability of predictions by control-system  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;theory. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 71, 1331-1338. The first  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;of a 20-year series demonstrating the long-term reliability and  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;stability of predictions generated by the PCT model.
> 
> Bourbon, W. Tom (In Press). Perceptual Control Theory. In:  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;HL Roitblat & J-A Meyer (eds.). Comparative approaches to  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;cognitive science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Chapter surveys  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;applications of PCT modeling by Bill Powers and Greg Williams  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;(pointing, from the ARM/LITTLE MAN program); by Rick Marken and  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;Bill Powers (movement "up a gradient" by E. coli), by Bill  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;Powers, Clark Mcphail and Chuck Tucker (social movement and  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;static formations, from the GATHERINGS program), and by Bourbon  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;(tracking). The PCT model is contrasted with some of the  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;mainstream models and theories presented at the workshop.
> 
> Cziko, Gary A. (1992). Purposeful behavior as the control of  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;perception: Implications for educational research. EDUCATIONAL  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;RESEARCHER, 21(9), 10-18, 27. Introduction to PCT and  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;implications for educational research.
> 
> Cziko, Gary A. (1992). Perceptual control theory: One threat to  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;educational research not (yet?) faced by Amundson, Serlin, and  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;Lehrer. EDUCATIONAL RESEARCHER, 21(9), 25-27. Response to  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;critics of previous article.
> 
> Ford, Edward E. (1989). FREEDOM FROM STRESS. Scottsdale AZ: Brandt  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;Publishing. A self-help book. PCT in a counseling framework.
> 
> Ford, Edward E. (1987). LOVE GUARANTEED; A BETTER MARRIAGE IN 8  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;WEEKS. Scottsdale AZ: Brandt Publishing.
> 
> Ford, Edward E. (1994). DISCIPLINE FOR HOME AND SCHOOL. Scottsdale  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;AZ: Brandt Publishing. Teaches school personnel and parents how  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;to deal effectively with children.
> 
> Forssell, Dag C., (1993). Perceptual Control: A New Management  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;Insight." In ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT JOURNAL, 5(4), 17-25.
> 
> Forssell, Dag C. (Ed.), (1994). PERCEPTUAL CONTROL THEORY: DOS  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;COMPUTER DEMONSTRATION, TUTORIALS, SIMULATIONS, EXPLANATIONS.  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;1.44 MB 3 1/2" disk (1 ea) or 1.2 MB 5 1/4" disk (2 ea). May be  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;freely copied. $10 U.S. by air worldwide. Write:  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;Purposeful Leadership, 23903 Via Flamenco, Valencia, CA, USA.  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;Also available via anonymous FTP at biome.bio.ns.ca:  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;/msm/ftp/pub/csg/pctdemos/
> 
> Forssell, Dag C., (1994). Perceptual control: Management Insight  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;for Problem Solving. ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT JOURNAL, Sept 94.
> 
> Forssell, Dag C., (1994). PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY: THE ACHILLES' HEEL  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;OF TQM. Working paper available from the author.
> 
> Gibbons, Hugh. (1990). THE DEATH OF JEFFREY STAPLETON: EXPLORING  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;THE WAY LAWYERS THINK. Concord, NH: Franklin Pierce Law Center.  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;A text for law students using control theory.
> 
> Hershberger, Wayne. (Ed.). (1989). VOLITIONAL ACTION: CONATION AND  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;CONTROL (Advances in Psychology No. 62). NY: North-Holland.  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;16 of 25 articles on or about PCT.
> 
> Marken, Richard S. (Ed.). (1990). Purposeful Behavior: The control  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;theory approach. AMERICAN BEHAVIORAL SCIENTIST, 34(1). (Thousand  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;Oaks, CA: Sage Publications) 11 articles on control theory.
> 
> Marken, Richard S. (1992). MIND READINGS: EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;PURPOSE. KY: CSG Books. Research papers exploring control.
> 
> McClelland, Kent. (In press). Perceptual Control and Social Power.  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES.
> 
> McPhail, Clark. (1990). THE MYTH OF THE MADDING CROWD. New York:  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;Aldine de Gruyter. Introduces control theory to explain group  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;behavior.
> 
> McPhail, Clark., Powers, William T., & Tucker, Charles W. (1992).  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;Simulating individual and collective action In temporary  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;gatherings. SOCIAL SCIENCE COMPUTER REVIEW, 10(1), 1-28.  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;Computer simulation of control systems in groups.
> 
> Petrie, Hugh G. (1981). THE DILEMMA OF INQUIRY AND LEARNING.  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
> 
> Powers, William T. (1973). BEHAVIOR: THE CONTROL OF PERCEPTION.  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;Hawthorne, NY: Aldine DeGruyter. The basic text.
> 
> Powers, William T. (1989). LIVING CONTROL SYSTEMS: SELECTED  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;PAPERS. KY: CSG Books. Previously published papers, 1960-1988.
> 
> Powers, William T. (1992). LIVING CONTROL SYSTEMS II: SELECTED  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;PAPERS. KY: CSG Books. Previously unpublished papers, 1959-1990
> 
> Richardson, George P. (1991). FEEDBACK THOUGHT IN SOCIAL SCIENCE  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;AND SYSTEMS THEORY. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;Press. A review of systems thinking, including PCT.
> 
> Robertson, Richard J. and Powers, William T. (Eds.). (1990).  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;INTRODUCTION TO MODERN PSYCHOLOGY: THE CONTROL THEORY VIEW.  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;KY: CSG Books. College-level text.
> 
> Runkel, Philip J. (1990). CASTING NETS AND TESTING SPECIMENS. New  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;York: Praeger. When statistics are appropriate; when models are  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;required.
> 
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
> 
> -----------------------------------------------------------------  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A free 15 page PCT Resource Guide with brief introductions and  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;more detail on the references listed above and a few more --  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;publishers, books, articles, videos, seminars, and the DOS  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;demonstration disk -- may be obtained by sending a note with
> 
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1) a self addressed, stamped (29 cents) envelope, or
> 
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2) two "international reply" coupons - every post office in  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the world sells them. (One coupon is enough for Canada and  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mexico).
> 
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3) a personal note and request without either of the above
> 
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to: Dag Forssell, PCT Resource Guide  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;23903 Via Flamenco  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Valencia, California, 91355-2808 USA.
> 
> The order forms below are reproduced from the PCT Resource Guide.  
> All prices current as of April, 1994.  
> -----------------------------------------------------------------  
> CSG Book Publishing: Greg Williams Telephone: 606/332-7606  
> 460 Black Lick Road, Gravel Switch, KY 40328 USA
> 
> \_\_\_ ea INTRODUCTION TO MODERN PSYCHOLOGY @ $25.00 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_  
> \_\_\_ ea LIVING CONTROL SYSTEMS @ $16.50 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_  
> \_\_\_ ea LIVING CONTROL SYSTEMS II @ $22.00 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_  
> \_\_\_ ea MIND READINGS @ $18.00 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Kentucky residents please add sales tax, 6%. Tax \_\_\_\_\_\_\_  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Shipping & Handling (world wide) per order \_5.00\_\_  
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> 
> ------------------------------------------------------------------  
> Purposeful Leadership: Dag Forssell Telephone: 805/254-1195  
> 23903 Via Flamenco, Valencia, CA 91355-2808 USA Fax:(805) 254-7956
> 
> \_\_\_ ea Articles & Program Info. Introduction book @ $20.00 \_\_\_\_\_\_  
> \_\_\_ ea PCTdemos. DOS program disk \_\_ 31/2" \_\_51/4" @ $10.00 \_\_\_\_\_\_  
> \_\_\_ ea Rubber Band Demo. Video & Script 63 minutes @ $20.00 \_\_\_\_\_\_  
> \_\_\_ ea PCT supports TQM. Video 117 minutes @ $20.00 \_\_\_\_\_\_  
> \_\_\_ ea 1993 CSG conference. 3 videos, 18 hours. @ $30.00 \_\_\_\_\_\_  
> \_\_\_ ea Deming-Observ, Interpret., Comment. Booklet @ $10.00 \_\_\_\_\_\_  
> \_\_\_ ea Freedom From Stress. Book by Ed Ford @ $10.00 \_\_\_\_\_\_  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;California residents please add sales tax, 8.25%.Tax \_\_\_\_\_\_  
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> 
> ------------------------------------------------------------------  
> Brandt Publishing: Edward E. Ford Telephone & Fax: 602/991-4860  
> 10209 North 56th Street, Scottsdale, AZ 85253-1130 USA
> 
> \_\_ ea Freedom From Stress, Book @ $10.00 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_  
> \_\_ ea Love Guaranteed, Book @ $ 9.00 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_  
> \_\_ ea Love Guaranteed, Video @ $20.00 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_  
> \_\_ ea Discipline for Home and School, Book @ $10.00 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Arizona residents please add sales tax, 6%. Tax \_\_\_\_\_\_\_  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Shipping & Handling (world wide) per order \_3.50\_\_  
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> 
> ------------------------------------------------------------------
> 
> Journal Marketing, Sage Publications Phone orders: (805) 499-0721  
> 2455 Teller Rd, Newbury Park, CA 91320 USA Fax: (805) 499-0871
> 
> &nbsp;&nbsp;American Behavioral Scientist, Volume 34, Number 1 Sept/Oct 1990  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock number 201238 Richard S. Marken, Editor  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Purposeful Behavior; The Control Theory Approach,  
> \_\_\_ ea Price for individuals and companies: @ $11.20 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_  
> \_\_\_ ea Price for institutions and libraries: @ $22.40 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;California residents add sales tax 7.25%. Tax \_\_\_\_\_\_\_  
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> 
> ------------------------------------------------------------------
> 
> Elsevier Science Phone orders: (212) 633-3650  
> 655 Ave of the Americas New York, NY 10010 USA Fax: (212) 633-3680
> 
> \_\_\_ ea Volitional Action, Conation and Control, Hershberger, Ed.  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ISBN: 0-444-88318-5 @ $155.50 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;New York residents add sales tax Tax \_\_\_\_\_\_\_  
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> 
> Outside USA: Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;P.O. Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
> 
> ------------------------------------------------------------------
> 
> Aldine de Gruyter Phone orders: 914/747-0110  
> 200 Saw Mill River Rd, Hawthorne, NY 10532 USA Fax: (914) 747-1326
> 
> \_\_\_ ea Behavior: The Control of Perception by William T. Powers  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Clothbound ISBN 0-202-25113-6 @ $41.95 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Myth of the Madding Crowd by Clark McPhail  
> \_\_\_ ea Clothbound ISBN 0-202-30424-8 @ $47.95 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_  
> \_\_\_ ea Paperbound ISBN 0-202-30375-6 @ $24.95 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;New York residents add sales tax Tax \_\_\_\_\_\_\_  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ship: $4 1st book, $1 per add'l.(Outside US double) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_  
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Check, money order, credit cards Total \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
> 
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> 
> ------------------------------------------------------------------
> 
> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;- END -