PCT Dictionary + Basic and Meta PCT

Well without quoting anyone per say -- who was against this idea ---
I believe a PCT Dictionary would be very helpful. I have been away form these
talk about IVs & DV's, Behavior, control and output for 3 yrs but I can tell
you they are roughly the same arguments that were going on then.

For lack of a better thought of where I should start.

What Behavior Is, and How You Can Predict and Control It?

A background on Psychology and Behavior:
        James Chaplin (1985) defines psychology as "the science of human and animal
behavior; the study of the organism in all its variety and complexity as it
responds to the flux and flow of the physical and social events that make up
the environment" (p. 367). Chaplin's definition seems to be in line with the
teachings most students receive in any psychology class. However, "responds to"
can be defined two ways: (1) As a response to the controlling environment, as
the linear cause and effect model of traditional psychology states (S-O-R, or
I-process-O) or (2) as a means to control ones perceptions of the environment.
The latter is the definition proposed by perceptual control theorists, because
it is the only one that separates us from the inanimate world.

        The Science of Behavior? The word behavior, is what has keep psychology from
becoming what many call a "Hard Science." To be a hard science you must to
have a clear idea of what you want to study, and you must be able to measure
it. That sounds easier than it is.
         In 2400 years the study of "behavior" has no Universal definition of
behavior that is accepted and used by all. Secondly, if the word behavior can
not be defined, it surly can not be accurately measured. This is why
psychology has been such a poor predictor in human behavior. The only time
psychology can predict behavior in when it employs coercion.
Positive/negative reinforcement and punishment are all coercive ways of
controlling behavior.

Two sides to every coin ..

Behavior can be one of two things, depending on your viewpoint;
1) What the person is doing, or
2) What the person is TRYING to do.

There are two sides to this coin of behavior, the person's actions and the
person's goal. To make a science out of either you must have some type of
Cause and Effect Model, to explain and predict your point of view.
On the first side of the coin you have, what the person is doing - the Actions.
Using the laws of the Natural Sciences, cause always comes before effect.
Like Newton states "Every action has an equal and opposite reaction." In short
this is the basic casual model Psychology has used for 2400 years. As you
know, Linear Cause and effect, works like this;

X1 + X 2 + X 3 + X 4 . + X n = Y

The X's are the antecedents to the behavior and the Y is the resulting
behavior.

On the flip side of the coin you have, what the person is intending to do - the
Goal. There is different type of Cause and Effect Model to be used here -
Circular Cause and Effect. This type is radically different. In this model
cause and effect happen simultaneously. This casual loop best describes how a
perception (a variable) is controlled

Rick Marken
My own preferred definition of behavior (at least, the behavior of >>living

systems) is "Behavior is control". Of course, then you have >>to define
"control" (the process of bringing variables to intended >>states and keeping
them in those states, protected from >>disturbance).

But once you've done that and explained how control works >>(control theory)

then you can use the best definition of behavior: >>the control of
perception:-)

Here are some canons of Control off the top of my head I am sure their are more
and I sure some one will be happy to remind me :slight_smile:

1) People control their perceptions NOT their actions. Input is what is
controlled never output.

2) When a perception is controlled a person's actions (observed behavior) will
be opposite to the sum of everything that interferes with the controlled
perception.

3) There is never a strong correlation between observed behavior and a goal.
Many different actions can achieve the same goal and often the same actions
produces different results depending on what varies in the environment (e.g.,
the disturbances to the controlled perception).

4) Observed behavior can be predicted by knowing what perception is being
controlled. The observed behavior will always be highly negatively correlated
with the disturbances to the perception(The TEST.

5) A living control system is organized hierarchically, with the output of
higher-level systems setting the reference signals of lower-level systems.

A PCT Dictionary would be great if it also offered rebuttals to common
misperceptions.

M. Lazare

DTSDTO@AOL.com

[From Bruce Nevin (971214.2302 EST)]

Mark Lazare DTSDTO (Sat, 13 Dec 1997 17:51:58 GMT) --

Well without quoting anyone per se -- who was against this idea ---
I believe a PCT Dictionary would be very helpful.

I spoke against putting too much hope in a PCT dictionary because it lends
itself to the perception that this is all about semantic distinctions and
the control of words and jargon, and that you only have to put your
existing view of things in the right phrases and everything will go
swimmingly.

For serious students I agree it would be helpful, but the definitions and
commentaries should direct attention firmly and repeatedly to specific
experiences of control, disturbance, error, etc. in experiments, demos, and
models. The demos can be subjective, like the marvellous ones that Gary
Cziko has come up with again and again--deflecting the eyeball with a
finger while walking or balancing, or most recently pointing at a bright
spot with the lights out, etc. The point of the demo, etc. should be
incapable of coherent description in conventional linear-causative terms,
so as to require again and again throughout the dictionary a forced choice
either of recognition or of the experience of failing to understand, or at
least a recognition that the conventional explanation fails. Creative use
of HTML links could be effective.

Of course, there is no way of compelling someone to recognize that they
have failed to understand or to recognize that their customary explanation
fails, much less compelling them to recognize control. Talk about leading
the horse to water, you can even pitch the horse bodily into the water and
see him splash around gleefully crying "look at me, I'm flying!", never
even realizing he's thirsty, much less taking a drink. Then go off with a
deprecating snort when it's not "fun" any more.

What happened to the devil's dictionary? Do we have a succinct summary on
the web of why lag time is not an issue, etc.?

  Bruce Nevin

[From Bill Powers (971215.0539 MST)]

Bruce Nevin (971214.2302 EST)--

Mark Lazare DTSDTO (Sat, 13 Dec 1997 17:51:58 GMT) --

Well without quoting anyone per se -- who was against this idea ---
I believe a PCT Dictionary would be very helpful.

Bruce:

I spoke against putting too much hope in a PCT dictionary because it lends
itself to the perception that this is all about semantic distinctions and
the control of words and jargon, and that you only have to put your
existing view of things in the right phrases and everything will go
swimmingly.

For serious students I agree it would be helpful, but the definitions and
commentaries should direct attention firmly and repeatedly to specific
experiences of control, disturbance, error, etc. in experiments, demos, and
models.

The basic question we would have to answer before starting such a
dictionary is whether it is to consist of _translations_ or _technical
definitions_.

If it's to be a collection of translations, then we would have to have
entries like the following:

(PCT meaning, if any, marked by #):

control (v.t.). A is said to control B if
1. A is among the set of variables of which B is a function.
    ( the money supply controls inflation)
2. A is a parameter of the function by which B depends on other variables.
    (temperature controls the rate of a chemical reaction)
3. A acts to limit or restrict B.
    (a chain controls the behavior of a dog)
4. A completely determines B.
(the position of one end of a lever controls the position of the other end).
#5. A varies its action to keep B near a particular state or value.
    (A driver controls the path of a car)
6. A is a device that will affect B if used by some agency to do so.
    {A steering wheel controls the path of a car)
7. A is a relationship that can be compared with B.
    (students given rewards did better in comparison with control students
      not given rewards)

There are probably more that I haven't thought of.

One effect of this sort of dictionary is to show the many circumstances in
which no translation is possible: that is, a standard usage of the term may
not warrant inferring any PCT meaning.

A technical dictionary, on the other hand, would give one and only one
meaning for each term. As we have found, this has no effect on people who
want to go on using terms the way they always have done, nor does it
prevent them from assuming that when a term is used with its technical
meaning, it is being used with the meaning they prefer.

Strictly for in-house consumption, a technical dictionary might be useful.

Best,

Bill P.