Quantum Theory and Control Theory

From Ely Dorsey 2005.03.29.09:50EST

A further note on Bell’s
Theorem, EPR and Mermin and Aspect experiments.

What the conclusion is with respect to hidden variables and
quantum theory is that no quantum theory has hidden variables. The
Bell-Mermin-Aspect nexus nails this down. Thus, there is ongoing
conversation about what has happened. First there was the instruction set
being carried by the photons as some of you have already commented. That
was ruled out immediately. Then there was the faster than light
communication between photons and that violated special relativity so that was
ruled out. Thus, explanations have gone lacking for many years and we are
still not close. A lot of speculation is to be found, but nothing so far
has worked including string theory. This is frontier territory and the
game is afoot.

My thoughts on explanation are also speculative. I
think the solution will require an abandonment of reductionism in a way not
seen. I think that we will have to be in a very different domain of
discourse. One not reflecting on reproducing what has gone before, but
one that is in a very different place. I do not think that we will be
able to explain QT in any way that will not sound alien to the scientific
acculturation that we have all been raised in. And I am not speaking of
the blending of African, Eastern and Western philosophical thought, I am
thinking that it will be something we have never seen. The experiments
that produced quantum phenomena are like rips in some fabric of space-time-african-western-eastern
head that we stumbled upon. We have no idea of what we are looking at,
because of how our brains look at things.

Well, these are thoughts for this morning. I am off to
work.

Ely

A further note on Bell’s Theorem, EPR and Mermin and Aspect
experiments.

What the conclusion is with respect to hidden variables and quantum
theory is that no quantum theory has hidden variables. The
Bell-Mermin-Aspect nexus nails this down. Thus, there is ongoing
conversation about what has happened. First there was the
instruction set being carried by the photons as some of you have already
commented. That was ruled out immediately. Then there was the
faster than light communication between photons and that violated special
relativity so that was ruled out. Thus, explanations have gone
lacking for many years and we are still not close. A lot of
speculation is to be found, but nothing so far has worked including
string theory. This is frontier territory and the game is
afoot.

My thoughts on explanation are also speculative. I think the
solution will require an abandonment of reductionism in a way not
seen. I think that we will have to be in a very different domain of
discourse. One not reflecting on reproducing what has gone before,
but one that is in a very different place. I do not think that we
will be able to explain QT in any way that will not sound alien to the
scientific acculturation that we have all been raised in. And I am
not speaking of the blending of African, Eastern and Western
philosophical thought, I am thinking that it will be something we have
never seen. The experiments that produced quantum phenomena are
like rips in some fabric of space-time-african-western-eastern head that
we stumbled upon. We have no idea of what we are looking at,
because of how our brains look at things.

Well, these are thoughts for this morning. I am off to work.

Ely
[From Bill Powers (2005.03.29.0854 MST)]

Ely Dorsey 2005.03.29.09:50EST –

A healthy dose of science fiction. I approve. Science fiction provides
the reference signals for science.

The world we control is the world we perceive: we can’t control the
actual reality out there because all we know of it is what our
perceptions tell us – our natural perceptions, and the
perceived-and-interpreted readings we get from artificial detectors. What
does a voltmeter measure? Nobody knows. All we know is the number it
produces, and the theory with which we interpret the number, and those
things are In Here, not Out There.

So as I said, look at the detectors, for they determine what world we
will have to interpret and theorize about. If the detectors are giving us
a distorted view, out theories must be distorted in the same
way.

And above all, remember that the world of physics is IMAGINARY. The real
world, the only reality we can know, is the one we perceive directly.
Where physics denies that world, physics is wrong.

Best,

Bill P.

[From Bruce Gregory (2005.0329.1125)]

Bill Powers (2005.03.29.0854 MST)

And above all, remember that the world of physics is IMAGINARY. The real world, the only reality we can know, is the one we perceive directly. Where physics denies that world, physics is wrong.

As far as I can tell, the world of physics is no more or less imaginary than any other world. Worlds are stories we tell about our experiences. As far as I can tell we experience nothing "directly". So what we have are experiences (perceptions) and the stories we tell to make sense of those perceptions. One kind of story has proved exceptionally valuable because it is the only kind of story that allows us to predict future perceptions. That kind of story we call science.

A true believer knows the solution before he understands the problem.

[From Bill Powers (2005.03.29.1140 MST)]

Bruce Gregory (2005.0329.1125) --

And above all, remember that the world of physics is IMAGINARY. The real world, the only reality we can know, is the one we perceive directly. Where physics denies that world, physics is wrong.

As far as I can tell, the world of physics is no more or less imaginary than any other world.

I think you missed my point, or more likely I didn't explain it well enough.

If you experience the taste of chocolate, that is what you experience, and there is no way you could be wrong about that. That is reality.

However, if you want to claim that the cause of this experience was an actual chocolate thing interacting with your sensory endings in a physical world, that is a theory and you can only imagine that such things are happening. You don't experience sensory endings or chemical interactions.

The ultimate test of any theory is whether it predicts a real experience. A physicist predicts that a spin detector will light its red light indicating an "up" spin. If the physicist experiences a red light, he concludes that the imaginary spin (which he can't experience directly) is "up," but it is the experience of the red light on which he bases this conclusion. He knows for certain that he experienced a red light, and is fairly confident that something outside him caused that experience, so he infers, through various theories, that a photon with an up spin might have been present. The photon, I repeat, can't be observed separately; he can only imagine it. But the experience of a red light can't be doubted. It really happened and he directly perceived it.

That's what I mean.

Best,

Bill P.

···

Worlds are stories we tell about our experiences. As far as I can tell we experience nothing "directly". So what we have are experiences (perceptions) and the stories we tell to make sense of those perceptions. One kind of story has proved exceptionally valuable because it is the only kind of story that allows us to predict future perceptions. That kind of story we call science.

A true believer knows the solution before he understands the problem.

[From Rick Marken (2005.03.29.1100)]

Bruce Gregory (2005.0329.1125)--

Bill Powers (2005.03.29.0854 MST)

And above all, remember that the world of physics is IMAGINARY. The
real world, the only reality we can know, is the one we perceive
directly. Where physics denies that world, physics is wrong.

As far as I can tell, the world of physics is no more or less imaginary
than any other world.

I think the "world of physics" to which Bill refers is the world of physical
theory (such as quantum theory). Theories are imaginary. The phenomena they
explain (falling objects, measures of current flow in a circuit, etc) are
real; it is the world we experience (sometimes only as meter readings, as in
the case of current flow).

Worlds are stories we tell about our experiences.

The world of theory is stories; the world of perceptual experience is what I
would call "reality". In this I agree with na�ve realists who consider their
perceptual experience to be reality. The only difference between the
realists and a PCTer is that the latter knows that reality is perceptual
experience.

As far as I can tell we experience nothing "directly". So what we have
are experiences (perceptions) and the stories we tell to make sense of
those perceptions.

That's what I think, too.

One kind of story has proved exceptionally valuable
because it is the only kind of story that allows us to predict future
perceptions. That kind of story we call science.

I like the science story, too.

Best

Rick

···

--
Richard S. Marken
MindReadings.com
Home: 310 474 0313
Cell: 310 729 1400

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[From Bruce Gregory (2005.0329.1415)]

Bill Powers (2005.03.29.1140 MST)

If you experience the taste of chocolate, that is what you experience, and there is no way you could be wrong about that. That is reality.

Let me ask you a question. If I experience God telling me to sacrifice my first born son, is there no way I could be wrong about that? Is that reality?

I my view, I experienced something, but that does not mean it was "real". The story I tell about that experience involves God. But my psychiatrist is trying to get me to adopt a different story about that experience. Is her version less real than mine? I suspect not.

A true believer knows the solution before he understands the problem.

[From Rick Marken (2005.03.29.1240)]

Bruce Gregory (2005.0329.1415)--

Bill Powers (2005.03.29.1140 MST)

If you experience the taste of chocolate, that is what you experience,
and there is no way you could be wrong about that. That is reality.

Let me ask you a question. If I experience God telling me to sacrifice
my first born son, is there no way I could be wrong about that? Is that
reality?

I'd like to give this a try, if I may. I would say yes, if you perceive God,
it's really God (for you). You can't be wrong about the fact that you are
perceiving God.

I my view, I experienced something, but that does not mean it was
"real". The story I tell about that experience involves God. But my
psychiatrist is trying to get me to adopt a different story about that
experience. Is her version less real than mine? I suspect not.

If you actually perceived God (which would be like perceiving someone as the
mailman or the dentist, I suppose; it's a category level perception in the
current PCT hierarchy), then you cannot be wrong about that. But you could
be wrong about the explanation of that perception, which is that the cause
of this perception was God. The cause of the perception might actually have
been the devil or that fellow behind the curtain in Wizard of Oz. The same
thing could happen with the mailman or the dentist. What you perceive as the
mailman could be a burglar casing out the neighborhood; what you perceive as
the dentist could be a Nazi on the lam. But even if it turns out that what
you perceived wasn't really God, the mailman or the dentist, it was God, the
mailman and the dentist _when you perceived them_.

Science is really for people who don't take their realities for granted.
Abraham was the prototypical non scientist (and thus, not a particularly
admirable fellow, from my perspective). A scientist would have done some
serious checking experiments, detective work) before believing that it was
God who wanted him to sacrifice his first born. Of course, I wouldn't have
sacrificed any of my kids, even if it were the mailman who asked.

Best

Rick

···

--
Richard S. Marken
MindReadings.com
Home: 310 474 0313
Cell: 310 729 1400

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This email message is for the sole use of the intended recipient(s) and
may contain privileged information. Any unauthorized review, use,
disclosure or distribution is prohibited. If you are not the intended
recipient, please contact the sender by reply email and destroy all copies
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[From Bruce Gregory (2005.0329.1605)]

Rick Marken (2005.03.29.1240)

If you actually perceived God (which would be like perceiving someone as the
mailman or the dentist, I suppose; it's a category level perception in the
current PCT hierarchy), then you cannot be wrong about that. But you could
be wrong about the explanation of that perception, which is that the cause
of this perception was God. The cause of the perception might actually have
been the devil or that fellow behind the curtain in Wizard of Oz. The same
thing could happen with the mailman or the dentist. What you perceive as the
mailman could be a burglar casing out the neighborhood; what you perceive as
the dentist could be a Nazi on the lam. But even if it turns out that what
you perceived wasn't really God, the mailman or the dentist, it was God, the
mailman and the dentist _when you perceived them_.

Science is really for people who don't take their realities for granted.
Abraham was the prototypical non scientist (and thus, not a particularly
admirable fellow, from my perspective). A scientist would have done some
serious checking experiments, detective work) before believing that it was
God who wanted him to sacrifice his first born. Of course, I wouldn't have
sacrificed any of my kids, even if it were the mailman who asked.

I may be wrong, but these two paragraphs seem contradictory to me. I would prefer to say that I though I perceived God, that what I tasted seemed like chocolate at the time, that I thought I heard a noise, or that I thought I saw Nicole Kidman at the local supermarket. In other words, I believe we can be mistaken about what we perceive. I suspect you think so too!

A true believer knows the solution before he understands the problem.

[From Rick Marken (2005.03.29.1415)]

Bruce Gregory (2005.0329.1605)--

Rick Marken (2005.03.29.1240)

If you actually perceived God... then you cannot be wrong about that.
...
Science is really for people who don't take their realities for
granted.

I may be wrong, but these two paragraphs seem contradictory to me. I
would prefer to say that I though I perceived God, that what I tasted
seemed like chocolate at the time, that I thought I heard a noise, or
that I thought I saw Nicole Kidman at the local supermarket. In other
words, I believe we can be mistaken about what we perceive. I suspect
you think so too!

Yes, I think so too. But I don't know if we are clear yet about what we
agree about. I agree that you can be wrong about Nicole Kidman being the
basis of your seeing Nicole Kidman. But I don't believe you can be wrong
about having seen Nicole Kidman, if that is who you perceived. Here's a
diagram of what I think is happening:

  Perception External Reality

···

____________________________________
  Nicole Kidman = f (Nicole look alike)

  Nicole Kidman = f ( Nicole Kidman)

What I am representing here is the PCT epistemology: perception is a
function of variables that constitute an external reality on the other side
of our perceptual apparatus (represented by the perceptual function, f()).
In this case the same perception( Nicole Kidman) happens as a result of two
different external realities. But all we can and will ever know of this
external reality is our perception; it is in this sense that perception _is_
our reality. There is no way to deny that we perceive what we perceive. If
we perceive Nicole Kidman then that's what we perceive. We can't be wrong
about this. There's Nicole right there is the store.

But the perception of Nicole may or may not be caused by the external
reality that is Nicole Kidman. It could be a Nicole look alike or it could
be Nicole herself. So it is in this sense that perception could be wrong;
the perception might not correspond to the external reality to which we
imagine it corresponds. But we have no direct access to external reality; so
the external reality that we take to be the basis of our perception is our
_explanation_ of the perception. If we have reason to believe that the
explanation of the cause of a perception is something other than what we
thought it was, then we would consider the perception "wrong".

But the perception itself is never wrong. If what you see is Nicole Kidman
then that's what you see, even if you find out later (or even suspect at the
time) that the person you see is just a look alike. Of course, if you have
reason to believe that it is not actually Nicole Kidman who you are seeing,
then the perception itself might change, as you start noticing aspects of
her appearance that are not Nicole Kidman-like. But as this occurs you are
no longer perceiving Nicole Kidman; you are perceiving someone else, and you
cannot be wrong about the fact that you are perceiving that person either.

I think it's very tough to be clear about this. I guess what I'm saying is
that (as per the table above) you cannot be wrong about the perception; if
the perception is Nicole Kidman then that can't be wrong; it simply _is_.
But you can be wrong about the presumed explanation for the perception,
which is what you imagine (often as stories) to be the external reality that
is the basis of the perception.

One last thing. I think science is our best approach to determining the
nature of external reality, which is (according to PCT) the argument of our
perceptual functions.

Best

Rick
       
--
Richard S. Marken
MindReadings.com
Home: 310 474 0313
Cell: 310 729 1400

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may contain privileged information. Any unauthorized review, use,
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of the original message.

From Ely Dorsey 2005.03.29.15:37EST

Hello Everyone,

The enclosed pdf file is a beautiful non-technical rendition of QT. There will be some mathematics in the text which you can ignore. It has to do with the wave function. It is a summary of sorts of the physical theory. Ignore it if you have a mind to. Enjoy.

Ely

mermin_moon[1].pdf (266 KB)

[From Bruce Gregory (2005.0329.1748)]

Rick Marken (2005.03.29.1415)

I think it's very tough to be clear about this. I guess what I'm saying is
that (as per the table above) you cannot be wrong about the perception; if
the perception is Nicole Kidman then that can't be wrong; it simply _is_.
But you can be wrong about the presumed explanation for the perception,
which is what you imagine (often as stories) to be the external reality that
is the basis of the perception.

I think we will have to agree to disagree on this one. In my view, the best I can ever say is that I perceived something that I thought was X. What I think I perceived is determined by the pattern recognition capabilities of my cerebral cortex. These capabilities are considerable, but not infallible. For this reason, I am unwilling to claim the result to be infallible. I perceived someone, but I did not perceive Nicole Kidman (unfortunately), my pattern recognition capabilities let me down.

A true believer knows the solution before he understands the problem.

[Martin Taylor 2005.03.29.17.26]

[From Bruce Gregory (2005.0329.1605)]

Rick Marken (2005.03.29.1240)

If you actually perceived God (which would be like perceiving someone as the
mailman or the dentist, I suppose; it's a category level perception in the
current PCT hierarchy), then you cannot be wrong about that. But you could
be wrong about the explanation of that perception, which is that the cause
of this perception was God. The cause of the perception might actually have
been the devil or that fellow behind the curtain in Wizard of Oz. The same
thing could happen with the mailman or the dentist. What you perceive as the
mailman could be a burglar casing out the neighborhood; what you perceive as
the dentist could be a Nazi on the lam. But even if it turns out that what
you perceived wasn't really God, the mailman or the dentist, it was God, the
mailman and the dentist _when you perceived them_.

Science is really for people who don't take their realities for granted.
Abraham was the prototypical non scientist (and thus, not a particularly
admirable fellow, from my perspective). A scientist would have done some
serious checking experiments, detective work) before believing that it was
God who wanted him to sacrifice his first born. Of course, I wouldn't have
sacrificed any of my kids, even if it were the mailman who asked.

I may be wrong, but these two paragraphs seem contradictory to me. I would prefer to say that I though I perceived God, that what I tasted seemed like chocolate at the time, that I thought I heard a noise, or that I thought I saw Nicole Kidman at the local supermarket. In other words, I believe we can be mistaken about what we perceive. I suspect you think so too!

Bruce, I can understand where you are coming from, but I'm with Rick on this. I think -- figure that one out -- that you are misinterpreting what Rick is saying.

What you perceive is what you perceive. It's not what is in the real world that provides the data that your nervous system/brain processes to create the perception.

When you say: "... what I tasted seemed like chocolate at the time..." you are describing a perception that includes two things (at least). One thing is the percetion you had at the time (or rather, a memory of it), and the other is a perception based on all sorts of other data about the context of the earlier (chocolate taste) perception."

A lot of the time, when we perceive something, we also have another perception that includes some kind of analysis of the context of the perception. Could that really have been Nicole Kidman? What was the initial perception? Was it _of_ Nicole Kidman? Or was it of a woman to whom you applied a label (by whatever indeterminate process labels are attached). If the latter, even then you had two distinct perceptions -- the woman and the label, with possibly a third, the assurance with which you applied the label. Later, you may have a perception that is inconsistent with having recently seen Nicole Kidman, and from that generate a new perception "I thought I saw Nicole Kidman but it must have been someone else".

None of those perceptions occur in the outer environment. They are perceptions that we hypothesise to have some relation to a real world "out there". But they are in your head. What's "out there" is as mysterious when it may or may not be chocolate or Nicole Kidman as it is when we deal with quantum entanglement and (worse) quantum erasure. All of it -- really all -- is modelling. The only reality you have is your perceptions.

When we treat mesoscale objects at human-scale event rates, we are often able to control those perceptions reasonably well, which gives us reasonable assurance that our internal representations of the real world can't be too far wrong, whether they are embodied in the strengths of synaptic connection or as some kind of databank. However, when we go to far different scales of time and space, whether interstellar space and megayears or interatomic space and attoseconds, we have no direct perceptual control, and no direct assurance that our models of the real world bear any realtion to what's "out there".

There's no reason for concepts that apply to the mesoscale to apply at very different scales. Why should we worry whether an entity is a particle or a wave, or whether it is localized? I think that to worry about that kind of question is an illegitimate attempt to extend the perceptual control behaviours we have grown up with into domains no biological system has ever controlled. Just because we can catch a baseball (particle) but not a seawave doesn't mean they have to be distinct concepts at all scales, does it?

The only testable contact we have with external reality is our ability to control through our behaviour the perceptions we think are of outside. It doesn't matter whether those perceptions are as direct as the taste of chocolate or as indirect as through the mathematical manipulations that enable us to say that certain sparkles in a tub of heavy water are caused by the disintegration and reintegration of atomic nuclei in a star that exploded 187,000 (or whatever) years ago in the Small Magellanic Cloud, and were expected to occur when the flash of that explosion was seen in 1987. All is perception, and the unconscious data manipulations performed by our synapses are just as fallible and provide just as hypothetical a version of the "real world" as do the abstruse mathematics of quantum cosmology.

Well, that's a lot longer than I had intended. And maybe its length obscures the message, that when you "think you perceived something" you are perceiving both a perception and some other data, which together create the new "I think I see" perception.

Martin

[From Bill Powers (2005.03.29.1553 MST)]

Bruce Gregory (2005.0329.1415)–

Let me ask you a question. If I
experience God telling me to sacrifice my first born son, is there no way
I could be wrong about that? Is that reality?

Yes. If that is what you experienced, you experienced it. However, if you
ask me if there is a real God outside you whose principles allow him to
cause children to be killed to teach you a lesson, I would say that is a
theoretical matter, and I doubt that it would hold up under
investigation.

I my view, I experienced
something, but that does not mean it was
“real”.

Do you mean you have (Abraham had) doubts about having experienced it? I
suspect not. What you mean is that you doubt whether the experience has
any counterpart outside your brain. If I said that you did not experience
God telling you to sacrifice your firstborn, you could say quite
accurately that I am mistaken. You did have that experience.

The story I tell about
that experience involves God. But my psychiatrist is trying to get me to
adopt a different story about that experience. Is her version less real
than mine? I suspect not.

Yes, it is less real than yours if she is referring to your mental state.
You experienced something to which you give the name “God.” No
doubt that name calls up all sorts of associations, but they are
other experiences. You can be mistaken as soon as you start
explaining the experience, characterizing it as something else, talking
about its relationships to other experiences, guessing about its origins,
and so forth. But about the having of the experience itself, you cannot
be mistaken.

I’m surprised you didn’t bring up the subject of hallucinations. If a
drunk hallucinates the traditional pink elephant in the corner of the
room, is that experience real? Definitely. The drunk is reporting on a
phenomenon in his field of awareness, that that phenomenon is actually,
really, in his field of awareness. It may not be anywhere else (like in
the corner of the room where someone else could report seeing it), but is
it real. It is the most real thing the drunk can experience: neural
signals in his own brain. Nothing can be more real than that.

Best,

Bill P.

[From Jason Gosnell (2005.03.29 1730CST)]

Bill Powers (2005.03.29.1553 MST)

I’m surprised you didn’t bring up the subject of hallucinations. If a drunk
hallucinates the traditional pink elephant in the corner of the room, is that
experience real? >Definitely. The drunk is reporting on a phenomenon in his
field of awareness, that that phenomenon is actually, really, in his field of
awareness. It may not be >anywhere else (like in the corner of the room
where someone else could report seeing it), but is it real. It is the most real
thing the drunk can experience: neural >signals in his own brain. Nothing
can be more real than that.

Given all of this-it seems accurate
to me-Is it possible for someone we label schizophrenic to differentiate
between hallucinations and normal waking reality that most of us experience?
Or, is he caught here-meaning our normal experiences are also nothing but
neural signals-so he can’t know the difference? Or, does he have
the possibility of investigating the hallucinations using other senses, such as
touch, and possibly using reason and seeing if it matches his visual sense? The
movie called a Beautiful Mind I didn’t see, but I remember seeing an
interview with that man (Not the actor, but the real person) and he indicated that
he began to question whether or not his thinking was “real.” And
from there, he started to overcome his “delusional” thinking. What
is going on there from a PCT perspective? Also, apparently, his experiences we
call delusional began to diminish in intensity and frequency over time. I don’t
remember him commenting on the hallucinations as to their decreasing.

Of course, there is the same issue for all
humans-the issue of “thinking” or we call them delusions for
a schizophrenic. Our thinking is a kind of reality we experience, but out there
it is not necessarily real in some objective sense. In meditation, the goal is
to have some space around or with your thinking or some sense of distance, I
don’t know why for sure, but presumably it is therapeutic not to be
trapped in thinking. I don’t know for sure…

Any thoughts on these issues would be
appreciated.

Jason Gosnell

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From Ely A. Dorsey 2005.03.29.19:12 EST

Bill, now that I have sent you and the group a description of the
Mermin experiment, could you or anyone reformulate that experiment as a control
theory experiment?

Ely

···

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[From Bruce Gregory (2005.0329.1917)]

Martin Taylor 2005.03.29.17.26

Well, that's a lot longer than I had intended. And maybe its length obscures the message, that when you "think you perceived something" you are perceiving both a perception and some other data, which together create the new "I think I see" perception.

I agree with almost everything you say, but I do not see how your analysis justifies the claim that I really see Nicole Kidman when, in fact, I don't. Your analysis justifies the claim that I think I see Nicole Kidman, and in fact I can assert with certainty that I think I see Nicole Kidman, but that is all I can say with certainty, even if it really was Nicole Kidman.

A true believer knows the solution before he understands the problem.

[From Bruce Gregory (2005.0329.1921)]

Bill Powers (2005.03.29.1553 MST)

I'm surprised you didn't bring up the subject of hallucinations. If a drunk hallucinates the traditional pink elephant in the corner of the room, is that experience real? Definitely. The drunk is reporting on a phenomenon in his field of awareness, that that phenomenon is actually, really, in his field of awareness. It may not be anywhere else (like in the corner of the room where someone else could report seeing it), but is it real. It is the most real thing the drunk can experience: neural signals in his own brain. Nothing can be more real than that.

Nothing is more real than neural signals. But the drunk can be aware that what he thinks he is seeing is a hallucination. In fact, if he does not realize this, he is schizophrenic and a very advanced case in my view.

A true believer knows the solution before he understands the problem.

[From Rick Marken (2005.03.29.1700)]

Bruce Gregory (2005.0329.1917)

Martin Taylor (2005.03.29.17.26

Well, that's a lot longer than I had intended.

I agree with almost everything you say, but I do not see how your
analysis justifies the claim that I really see Nicole Kidman when, in
fact, I don't.

But you do see her. You just know, on other grounds, that it's not really
Nicole herself who is the basis of the perception. Just because you find out
that the basis of a perception is different than what you thought doesn't
mean that the perception itself wasn't real. My perception of a beautiful
rose doesn't become less real because the rose turns out to be silk and
fabric, that is, no rose at all.

Your analysis justifies the claim that I think I see
Nicole Kidman, and in fact I can assert with certainty that I think I
see Nicole Kidman, but that is all I can say with certainty, even if it
really was Nicole Kidman.

I think this is just hard to describe using informal terms. I think Martin's
analysis justifies the claim that you see (perceive) Nicole Kidman even
while you recognize that Nicole Kidman herself (as an external reality) may
not be the basis of that perception. I could say "I think I see a phone and
a computer" but the fact is that I see a phone and a computer; there is no
doubt about what I perceive. But I can question whether the basis of these
perceptions is actually a phone and a computer. I'm certain that it is, here
in my office, but I have been in stores where I have perceived phones and
computers that were not phones or computers; they were just very convincing
cardboard models.

So you really can't doubt or be wrong about your perceptions but you
certainly can have doubts (and be wrong about) the basis of your
perceptions.

Regards

Rick

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[From Rick Marken (2005.03.29.1720)]

Bruce Gregory (2005.0329.1921)--

Nothing is more real than neural signals. But the drunk can be aware
that what he thinks he is seeing is a hallucination. In fact, if he
does not realize this, he is schizophrenic and a very advanced case in

I would just slightly change the second sentence: The drunk can be aware
that what he _is_ seeing is a hallucination.

The drunk doesn't think he is seeing a pink elephant; he _is_ seeing a pink
elephant. But I agree that the drunk is probably aware that the real world
basis of this perception is not a pink elephant.

This epistemological point is really not that difficult. We experience it
all the time in movies. We see people flying through the air or doing other
impossible feats. There is no question that that is what we are seeing even
though we know that the basis of this perception is not really people doing
what we see them doing.

Regards

Rick

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MindReadings.com
Home: 310 474 0313
Cell: 310 729 1400

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[From Rick Marken (2005.03.29.1730)]

Martin Taylor (2005.03.29.17.26)

Bruce, I can understand where you are coming from, but I'm with Rick
on this. I think -- figure that one out -- that you are
misinterpreting what Rick is saying.

Great post, by the way, Martin. It makes me realize that we have both
benefited enormously, in terms of "getting" PCT, from having been students
of perception.

Best regards

Rick

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MindReadings.com
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