Quick question for libertarians

[Martin Lewitt 2011 July 5, 2011 MDT]

[From Rick Marken (2011.07.05.0800)]

Martin Lewitt (2011 July 5 0708 MDT)–

      I can see a role for anti-trust laws, especially in cases

where government has granted monopolies through licensing,
such as of the airwaves or through assisting cable and
telephony through eminent domain.

  My god, only a day after July 4th and you are already trying to

take away my freedom to form monopolies.

I AM a bit of a maverick in some circles.  Fortunately, monopolies

can be pretty difficult to form without government assistance.

-- Martin L
···

On 7/5/2011 8:59 AM, Richard Marken wrote:

  Best



  Rick



  --

  Richard S. Marken PhD

  rsmarken@gmail.com

  [www.mindreadings.com](http://www.mindreadings.com)

[From Adam Matic 2011.07.06 0250cet]

From Bill Powers (2011.07.05.0752)

BP:

The case of a lobbyist bribing a legislator is not as simple to evaluate as this. One can easily argue that both the lobbyist and the legislator consent to letting the other control his behavior: if you will give me money, I will give you a vote for a Fair Trade law. There is nothing objectionable about that on PCT grounds. But the legislator has to be bribed, one would guess, because his vote is essential for passing a law that is not wanted by others, and he might be quite willing to vote against it if someone would give him a better deal. This implies that there are probably lobbyists on the other side, or other agents at least, who want the legislator to vote against the law. Now we begin to see a conflict starting up in the overall system, pitting one set of lobbyists against another, or against popular wishes.

One resolution of this conflict would be to pass laws forbidding legislators to accept money or anything else of value from anyone but the government treasury. But there the anarchists run into problems, because they don’t like laws, and especially not law enforcement. The only solution, it would seem, is for people to do their own enforcement – carry guns and shoot anyone who coerces people? Or just don’t have any legislators. Every man for himself. I’m glad I don’t have to live that way.

Laws, if not accepted voluntarily by each individual, are arbitrary control, enforced by the state.

As I see it, people actually do do their own enforcement of law, they pay taxes that pay the police and the courts. No free protection. There would be essentially nothing different under privately owned protection and law, other than it being more cheap and better suited to the wants of citizens who pay for their services. Different kinds of disputes could be solved by conflict resolvers or private arbiters, who would soon get to be popular and well known if they would not accept bribe.

Simply removing laws would do a lot to bring down violence and crime in cities. Labor laws, drug prohibition laws, anti-discrimination laws, they all do the very opposite they were designed to do. As an example, here is a report on the war on drugs:

http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/06/02/us-drugs-commission-idUSTRE7513XW20110602

It has failed miserably. People still want drugs and people still provide them with drugs. Since there is risk from going to jail to dealers, the drugs are more expensive. The dealers organise to protect themselves from the police. If drugs are expensive, addicts soon have no money for them and have to steal. And so it goes, just like the '20s. It had lasted longer than alcohol prohibition, though.

So the solution to the conflict you mentioned could be in having pre-determined laws and no legislators to choose new ones. No need for new laws every day.

Best, Adam

[From Bill Powers (2011.07.06.0712 MDT)]

Adam Matic 2011.07.06 0250cet –

AM: Laws, if not accepted
voluntarily by each individual, are arbitrary control, enforced by the
state.

BP: Suppose the laws are by-laws of a cooperative established by a group
of people either through group decision, or decision of delegates charged
with representing the preferences of their constituents. A person can
choose whether to be a member of the cooperative, or go somewhere else to
live. In order to be allowed to stay, the person must explicitly agree to
abide by the cooperative’s laws. Then nobody would obey any law except
those agreed to.
It’s inevitable, however, that some people, some of the time, will find a
law inconvenient and wish to disobey it. Should the cooperative allow
them to do so? That would avoid arbitrary control of the person breaking
the law, but what does it do to the people who made that law to help them
control what happens to them? Doesn’t breaking the law with impunity
amount to arbitrary control of variables others in the cooperative
consider important enough to make laws about?
It’s very hard to think of a way to make and enforce a universal law
against arbitrary control. It’s a self-contradiction. One obvious
solution would be to adopt only laws to which every individual explicitly
agrees, and simply eject lawbreakers from the community. But course
circumstances change; if a man’s wife gets too pregnant, he may
choose to disobey speed limits in getting her to a hospital. Should he be
ejected for doing that? Everyone encounters circumstances under which
obeying a law makes little sense or just doesn’t seem to matter, like
stopping for a red light at 3:00 am with no other cars or people in
sight. And to some men, or rather boys, it seems reasonable to respond to
a girl who is just asking for it by raping her. There is a whole spectrum
of offenses, from trivial to grave, and violations of the law have to be
evaluated for each of them. If we eject everyone who breaks a law, after
a while there will be no community. The cooperative will cease to
exist.

There will always be arbitrary control; the best we can do is minimize it
and treat each case by itself using common sense and looking behind the
letter of the law for its purpose. So yes, we need laws against arbitrary
control, and that is basically what we have. Laws are an attempt to
prevent arbitrary control of what some people value by other people who
don’t care if they spoil something for someone else.

You can argue that many laws are outdated, unfair, unneccesary, or
discriminatory. That is a good reason to change the laws, but not a
reason to do away with law itself, or law enforcement. Law enforcement
may be ineffective or self-defeating or heavy-handed or morally
repugnant; that is a good reason to reform law enforcement, but not to do
away with enforcement itself, which makes a law more effective than a
please-sir timid suggestion.

You could wipe the slate clean and start all over with no laws at all,
but I would predict that you would soon discover why they existed and
bring them – maybe not the same ones – right back again. You could pass
laws but do away with enforcement; that wouldn’t last long. The main
weakness of the libertarian idea, as I see it, is its failure to find a
plausible and self-consistent way to deal with people who depart from the
party line. Eliminating laws is no way to accoomplish that.

I’ve been saying “cooperative,” but obviously a cooperative is
a government, differing mainly in the number of members. With a lot of
members you can’t reach consensus on everything if you want to accomplish
anything. That problem is solved by delegating a lot of functions to
politicians who can deal with each other face to face without running
back and forth between legislative conferences and the constituents; the
constituents don’t want to stop what they’re doing every ten minutes to
be consulted, anyway, and they don’t know enough about the details to
make a sensible decision or a compromise in most cases.

I think our best bet is to focus on making the present system work
better, eliminating injustice and unfairness, making laws more
reasonable, making enforcement more effective (punishment is not only
ineffective, it creates more trouble than you started with). Recognizing
the essential autonomy of human beings, which means not only freedom but
responsibility, not only being respected, but giving respect in return.

Best,

Bill P.

[From Rick Marken (2011.07.06.0750)]

Bill Powers (2011.07.06.0712 MDT)–

I think our best bet is to focus on making the present system work
better, eliminating injustice and unfairness, making laws more
reasonable, making enforcement more effective (punishment is not only
ineffective, it creates more trouble than you started with). Recognizing
the essential autonomy of human beings, which means not only freedom but
responsibility, not only being respected, but giving respect in return.

Good luck, but as you can see from what’s happening in my beloved Minnesota (of all places!!!) this ain’t going to happen as long as there are Tea Party type Republicans in the world. These people are simply bullies without a drop of the courage it takes to cooperate for the common good (perhaps they fear cooperation because they think everyone is a selfish, lying thug like themselves).

Best

Rick

···


Richard S. Marken PhD
rsmarken@gmail.com
www.mindreadings.com

[Martin Lewitt 2011 July 6 1334 MDT]

[From Rick Marken (2011.07.06.0750)]

Bill Powers (2011.07.06.0712 MDT)–

        I think our best bet is to focus on making the present

system work
better, eliminating injustice and unfairness, making laws
more
reasonable, making enforcement more effective (punishment is
not only
ineffective, it creates more trouble than you started with).
Recognizing
the essential autonomy of human beings, which means not only
freedom but
responsibility, not only being respected, but giving respect
in return.

      Good luck, but as you can see from what's happening in my

beloved Minnesota (of all places!!!) this ain’t going to
happen as long as there are Tea Party type Republicans in the
world. These people are simply bullies without a drop of the
courage it takes to cooperate for the common good (perhaps
they fear cooperation because they think everyone is a
selfish, lying thug like themselves).

And I thought the tea party was acting for the common good there

while the unions were being selfish. By spreading the costs across
all the union members, the tea party repubs were avoiding layoffs,
and worse student-teacher ratios and tax increases. How is that not
for the common good? Perhaps the unions feared cooperation, because
they might have to give back some of their ill gotten gains from
exploiting the government education monopoly. The last things the
public employee unions probably want to hear about is the “common
good”.

That said, I think the repubs made a tactical error.  They should

never have taken away the union workers “right” to bargain for
benefits. The should just have made it illegal for the
administrators to bargain for benefits with the unions, or perhaps
just required any such agreements entailing future revenues to be
voted upon in a general elections rather than smaller special
elections that are poorly participated in.

-- Martin L

Martin L
···

On 7/6/2011 8:51 AM, Richard Marken wrote:

      Best



      Rick

  Richard S. Marken PhD

  rsmarken@gmail.com

  [www.mindreadings.com](http://www.mindreadings.com)

[From Rick Marken (2011.07.06.1250)]

Adam Matic (2011.07.06 0250cet)–

As I see it, people actually do do their own enforcement of law, they pay taxes that pay the police and the courts. No free protection. There would be essentially nothing different under privately owned protection and law, other than it being more cheap and better suited to the wants of citizens who pay for their services.

On what do you base this claim?

Simply removing laws would do a lot to bring down violence and crime in cities. Labor laws, drug prohibition laws, anti-discrimination laws, they all do the very opposite they were designed to do. As an example, here is a report on the war on drugs:
http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/06/02/us-drugs-commission-idUSTRE7513XW20110602

It has failed miserably. People still want drugs and people still provide them with drugs. Since there is risk from going to jail to dealers, the drugs are more expensive.

This is the only issue that libertarians have right. Congratulations! But even a broken (12 hour) clock is right twice a day.

Best

Rick

···

The dealers organise to protect themselves from the police. If drugs are expensive, addicts soon have no money for them and have to steal. And so it goes, just like the '20s. It had lasted longer than alcohol prohibition, though.

So the solution to the conflict you mentioned could be in having pre-determined laws and no legislators to choose new ones. No need for new laws every day.

Best, Adam


Richard S. Marken PhD
rsmarken@gmail.com
www.mindreadings.com

[From Rick Marken (2011.07.06.1255)]

Martin Lewitt (2011 July 6 1334 MDT)–

And I thought the tea party was acting for the common good there

while the unions were being selfish.

Wrong again! The broken clock is still winning!

Best

Rick

···
By spreading the costs across

all the union members, the tea party repubs were avoiding layoffs,
and worse student-teacher ratios and tax increases. How is that not
for the common good? Perhaps the unions feared cooperation, because
they might have to give back some of their ill gotten gains from
exploiting the government education monopoly. The last things the
public employee unions probably want to hear about is the “common
good”.

That said, I think the repubs made a tactical error.  They should

never have taken away the union workers “right” to bargain for
benefits. The should just have made it illegal for the
administrators to bargain for benefits with the unions, or perhaps
just required any such agreements entailing future revenues to be
voted upon in a general elections rather than smaller special
elections that are poorly participated in.

-- Martin L



Martin L
      Best



      Rick

  Richard S. Marken PhD

  rsmarken@gmail.com

  [www.mindreadings.com](http://www.mindreadings.com)


Richard S. Marken PhD
rsmarken@gmail.com
www.mindreadings.com

[Martin Lewitt 2011 July 6 1347 MDT]

[From Bill Powers (2011.07.05.0752At 07:22 AM 7/5/2011 -0600, you wrote:

[Martin Lewitt 2011 July 5 0708 MDT]

ML earlier: There is no reason to confuse money with speech. Laws that limit spending are coercion, whether the spending would be for speech or not.

BP earlier: But when is the coercion justified? Is it OK with you that someone who has acquired a great deal of money can use that money to influence voters and legislators by fair means or foul, and thus gain power equivalent to that of a government? Shouldn't there be limits set on one person's ability to control other people?

ML: Fair means are OK, foul means are not. It is the legislators and voters duty not to be influenced by money when it comes to electing the government or passing legislation. Money should only purchase a means to get a message across. There definitely should be a limit on one person's ability to coerce other people. What other types of "control" of other people are there? Are you concerned about ownership of a media monopoly shutting out information shutting out other candidates? I can see a role for anti-trust laws, especially in cases where government has granted monopolies through licensing, such as of the airwaves or through assisting cable and telephony through eminent domain.

The whole debate is about what is fair and what is foul. I think we can work that out with PCT, or at least start to work it out.

People can control each other's behavior bidirectionally or unidirectionally, openly or surreptitiously, and consensually or arbitrarily. The easiest way is bidirectionally, openly and with consent, as in sexual relationships or economic transactions: If you will behave so as to control this perception of mine that I want controlled, I will behave so as to control that perception of yours that you want controlled. The most violent and destructive kind of behavioral control occurs unidirectionally, openly, and without consent: I will cause errors in you, increasing them until either you control the perception of mine that I want controlled or you die.

Yes.

I don't think libertarians or others object to bidirectional, open, and consensual control of behavior. Practically everyone objects to unidirectional, non-consensual control whether open or surreptitious. Surreptitious control can be carried out by introducing carefully adjusted disturbances that a person can resist only by acting in the way the controller wants to perceive -- but in such a way that the controlled person can't see what is causing the perturbation of the controlled perceptual variable. Open control works the same way except that there is no need for concealment.

Why would it be necessary to use surreptitious control? Simple: the other person might, at a higher level, object to being controlled no matter what the goal is, even the good of that person. People are reluctant to agree that anyone else knows what is good for them. And of course arbitrary control doesn't even concern what is good for them; the point is, what is good for the controller?

This analysis framework is really helpful. It even introduces the excuse of the central planner, i.e., for the "good" of that person.

The case of a lobbyist bribing a legislator is not as simple to evaluate as this. One can easily argue that both the lobbyist and the legislator consent to letting the other control his behavior: if you will give me money, I will give you a vote for a Fair Trade law. There is nothing objectionable about that on PCT grounds. But the legislator has to be bribed, one would guess, because his vote is essential for passing a law that is not wanted by others, and he might be quite willing to vote against it if someone would give him a better deal. This implies that there are probably lobbyists on the other side, or other agents at least, who want the legislator to vote against the law. Now we begin to see a conflict starting up in the overall system, pitting one set of lobbyists against another, or against popular wishes.

One resolution of this conflict would be to pass laws forbidding legislators to accept money or anything else of value from anyone but the government treasury. But there the anarchists run into problems, because they don't like laws, and especially not law enforcement. The only solution, it would seem, is for people to do their own enforcement -- carry guns and shoot anyone who coerces people? Or just don't have any legislators. Every man for himself. I'm glad I don't have to live that way.

The problem with forbidding legislators to accept money from anyone but the government treasury, is not that it involves a "law", because such a law would not look much different than a condition in an employment contract. The problem is that it is probably also intended to address campaign financing. Private financing of campaigns is not as much of a problem as public financing of campaigns with promises of increases in entitlements and pork barrel spending, it is a one way road to ever growing government.

One resolution to this problem is constitutionally limited government. A government that only provides for the common defense, protection of a individual rights and checks itself, is not prone to these abuses whether the legislators are forbidden to accept private funds or not. That is, is wouldn't be "prone" to this if the system were implemented mechanistically rather than being dependent upon the character of the legislators, executives and judges. That sounds different than everyone carrying guns and shooting anyone that coerces anyone, although, I think many jurisdictions still preserve our right to come to the aid of others, even today.

-- Martin L

···

On 7/5/2011 9:28 AM, Bill Powers wrote:

Best,

Bill P.

[Martin Lewitt 2011 July 6 1453 MDT]

[From Bill Powers (2011.07.06.0712 MDT)]

  Adam Matic 2011.07.06 0250cet --
    AM: Laws, if not

accepted
voluntarily by each individual, are arbitrary control, enforced
by the
state.

  BP: Suppose the laws are by-laws of a cooperative established by a

group
of people either through group decision, or decision of delegates
charged
with representing the preferences of their constituents. A person
can
choose whether to be a member of the cooperative, or go somewhere
else to
live. In order to be allowed to stay, the person must explicitly
agree to
abide by the cooperative’s laws. Then nobody would obey any law
except
those agreed to.

You are introducing the social contract, and also one of the

barriers to achieving freedom through it, the idea that one has to
“go somewhere else to live” in order to escape it, if one disagrees
with it. The problem is geographically based coercive monopolies,
there may be no escape. Why in this day and age, should we all be
forced to live under the same social contract just because we are in
a particular geography? Muslims can opt for sharia law,
libertarians could opt out of FDA restrictions and entitlements, and
all within the same geography. The geographical based part of any
social contract could be limited to the common defense, and coercive
interactions between members of different social contracts.

  It's inevitable, however, that some people, some of the time, will

find a
law inconvenient and wish to disobey it. Should the cooperative
allow
them to do so? That would avoid arbitrary control of the person
breaking
the law, but what does it do to the people who made that law to
help them
control what happens to them? Doesn’t breaking the law with
impunity
amount to arbitrary control of variables others in the cooperative
consider important enough to make laws about?

  It's very hard to think of a way to make and enforce a universal

law
against arbitrary control. It’s a self-contradiction. One obvious
solution would be to adopt only laws to which every individual
explicitly
agrees, and simply eject lawbreakers from the community. But
course
circumstances change; if a man’s wife gets too pregnant,
he may
choose to disobey speed limits in getting her to a hospital.
Should he be
ejected for doing that? Everyone encounters circumstances under
which
obeying a law makes little sense or just doesn’t seem to matter,
like
stopping for a red light at 3:00 am with no other cars or people
in
sight. And to some men, or rather boys, it seems reasonable to
respond to
a girl who is just asking for it by raping her. There is a whole
spectrum
of offenses, from trivial to grave, and violations of the law have
to be
evaluated for each of them. If we eject everyone who breaks a law,
after
a while there will be no community. The cooperative will cease to
exist.

  There will always be arbitrary control; the best we can do is

minimize it
and treat each case by itself using common sense and looking
behind the
letter of the law for its purpose. So yes, we need laws against
arbitrary
control, and that is basically what we have. Laws are an attempt
to
prevent arbitrary control of what some people value by other
people who
don’t care if they spoil something for someone else.

You were almost sounding like a libertarian until you came to the

conclusion “this is what we basically have”. True libertarians
disagree vehemently with that conclusion.

  You can argue that many laws are outdated, unfair, unneccesary, or

discriminatory. That is a good reason to change the laws, but not
a
reason to do away with law itself, or law enforcement. Law
enforcement
may be ineffective or self-defeating or heavy-handed or morally
repugnant; that is a good reason to reform law enforcement, but
not to do
away with enforcement itself, which makes a law more effective
than a
please-sir timid suggestion.

  You could wipe the slate clean and start all over with no laws at

all,
but I would predict that you would soon discover why they existed
and
bring them – maybe not the same ones – right back again. You
could pass
laws but do away with enforcement; that wouldn’t last long. The
main
weakness of the libertarian idea, as I see it, is its failure to
find a
plausible and self-consistent way to deal with people who depart
from the
party line. Eliminating laws is no way to accoomplish that.

  I've been saying "cooperative," but obviously a cooperative is

a government, differing mainly in the number of members. With a
lot of
members you can’t reach consensus on everything if you want to
accomplish
anything. That problem is solved by delegating a lot of functions
to
politicians who can deal with each other face to face without
running
back and forth between legislative conferences and the
constituents; the
constituents don’t want to stop what they’re doing every ten
minutes to
be consulted, anyway, and they don’t know enough about the details
to
make a sensible decision or a compromise in most cases.

  I think our best bet is to focus on making the present system work

better, eliminating injustice and unfairness, making laws more
reasonable, making enforcement more effective (punishment is not
only
ineffective, it creates more trouble than you started with).
Recognizing
the essential autonomy of human beings, which means not only
freedom but
responsibility, not only being respected, but giving respect in
return.

Most libertarians are opting for the current system, if it is

returned to how it was supposed to work. I think it is too
dependent upon the integrity of the officeholders and voters, who
are too prone to self serving entitlements and measures to hold onto
to office, to majority rule, to becoming the captive of two parties
and to paternalistic regulation for “your own good”.

I think a couple reforms would help.  Election of the house of

representives by subscription rather than winner take all
geographical districts. This would give minorities like
libertarians political power to help protect themselves and increase
the likelyhood parliamentary type compromise coalitions in the
house.

The other, would be to allow individuals or non-geographical

cooperatives to opt out of the paternalism and entitlements and
their associated taxes.

-- Martin L
···

On 7/6/2011 8:14 AM, Bill Powers wrote:

  Best,



  Bill P.

[Martin Lewitt 2011 July 6 1518 MDT]

[From Rick Marken (2011.07.06.1250)]

Adam Matic (2011.07.06 0250cet)–

          As I see it, people actually do do their own

enforcement of law, they pay taxes that pay the police and
the courts. No free protection. There would be essentially
nothing different under privately owned protection and
law, other than it being more cheap and better suited to
the wants of citizens who pay for their services.

      On what do you base this claim?
        Simply removing laws would do a lot to bring down violence

and crime in cities. Labor laws, drug prohibition laws,
anti-discrimination laws, they all do the very opposite they
were designed to do. As an example, here is a report on the
war on drugs:
http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/06/02/us-drugs-commission-idUSTRE7513XW20110602

          It has failed miserably. People still want drugs and

people still provide them with drugs. Since there is risk
from going to jail to dealers, the drugs are more
expensive.

      This is the _only_ issue that libertarians have right.

Congratulations! But even a broken (12 hour) clock is right
twice a day.

Come on, how can you accept the hypocrisy of the progressives, who

only legalize recreational drugs as a loss leader to attract youth,
while intending to increase restrictions on the far more important
prescription drugs and regulate everything else. It is easy to
dismissively say “is right twice a day” and to avoid addressing the
hypocrisy. Why do you think recreational drugs should be legal and
prescription drugs not, or perhaps the libertarians have more than
one issue right?

Martin L
···

On 7/6/2011 1:49 PM, Richard Marken wrote:

      Best



      Rick
          The dealers organise to protect themselves from the

police. If drugs are expensive, addicts soon have no money
for them and have to steal. And so it goes, just like the
'20s. It had lasted longer than alcohol prohibition,
though.

          So the solution to the conflict you mentioned could be

in having pre-determined laws and no legislators to choose
new ones. No need for new laws every day.

Best, Adam

  --

  Richard S. Marken PhD

  rsmarken@gmail.com

  [www.mindreadings.com](http://www.mindreadings.com)

[From Rick Marken (2011.07.06.1530)]

Martin Lewitt (2011 July 6 1518 MDT

        AM: Simply removing laws would do a lot to bring down violence

and crime in cities. Labor laws, drug prohibition laws,
anti-discrimination laws, they all do the very opposite they
were designed to do.

      RM: This is the _only_ issue that libertarians have right.

Congratulations! But even a broken (12 hour) clock is right
twice a day.

ML: Come on, how can you accept the hypocrisy of the progressives, who

only legalize recreational drugs as a loss leader to attract youth,
while intending to increase restrictions on the far more important
prescription drugs and regulate everything else.

As a representative of all progressives let me just that this is pure horseshit (a technical term we use in liberal circles). I believe we should legalize recreational drugs because I am pretty sure that the data show that the social cost of legalization (addiction, medical problems) is far smaller than that of keeping them illegal (crime, crime, crime). I would still expect these drugs to be regulated; I would not let them be sold to minors, I would have free drug counseling for addicts, etc. I am against most restrictions on Rx drugs because I don’t believe the social benefit of these restrictions (reduced medical expenses, more $ for doctors) outweighs the possible individual benefits (feeling “free” to take possibly useless drugs).

It is easy to

dismissively say “is right twice a day” and to avoid addressing the
hypocrisy. Why do you think recreational drugs should be legal and
prescription drugs not, or perhaps the libertarians have more than
one issue right?

As I said, my attitude is far more nuanced (look it up) than that. And I didn’t say libertarians were right twice a day; the broken clock is. I’m going back to thinking that libertarians are actually never right. So it’s broken clock 2, libertarians 0.

Best

Rick

···


Richard S. Marken PhD
rsmarken@gmail.com
www.mindreadings.com

[From Adam Matic 2011.07.09 1520 CET]

Bill Powers (2011.07.06.0712 MDT)]

Suppose the laws are by-laws of a cooperative established by a group
of people either through group decision, or decision of delegates charged
with representing the preferences of their constituents. A person can
choose whether to be a member of the cooperative, or go somewhere else to
live. In order to be allowed to stay, the person must explicitly agree to
abide by the cooperative’s laws. Then nobody would obey any law except
those agreed to.

AM:

Basicaly, that is what we have now in the world, right? We have delegates who choose instead of us and, in effect, we do not agree to every law passed. There is always someone who does not agree with laws, and it seems to me that every person has a few rules and regulations he does not agree with. People can choose to go live somewhere else and desperate ones do go, but most people are bound to where they are by their family, language, religion, culture, borders, discrimination and so on.

It would be much better if everyone could explicitly agree to abide to laws of a comunity they wish to join instead of passively accepting whatever the lawmakers decide. A comunitiy like that would probably have a small number of laws that don’t change. If someone does not follow rules, he is out of the comunity. If no one is left in the comunity, then that means the laws were bad and people left for a better organised comunity.

That’s why the only law enforcement I agree with is eviction from comunity, which is not necesarily phisical eviction; like on e-bay or similar auction sites where it’s in everyone’s long term interest to play by the rules. If a buyer doesn’t pay, he won’t get the thing he bought. He can’t steal it. If the seller sends a bad product different from description, he gets bad reputation and people are less likely to buy from him. If there is fraud, the site can ban the user effectively evicting him from the comunity.

As Martin Lewit said, these comunities do not need to have a special teritory. Like folowing a religion, a person could subscribe to laws he would abide to and expect others in the comunity to do the same.

In case of rape or murder… I don’t know… I don’t think any amount of laws can help with that. I think those crimes are mental health problems and hopefully some of them could be prevented by having easily available psychotherapy. Perhaps prisons are currently the best way to deal with rapist or murderors, they sure are better then lynching, and I hope still better ways will be made.

I agree that our best bet is to focus on the present system, namely reducing the number of laws, some of them are contradictory and overly arbitrary; and going toward a less cruel and more effective way of dealing with criminals and “criminals”.

Best, Adam

[From Adam Matic 2011.07.09 1530CET]

Rick Marken (2011.07.06.1250)

AM (2011.07.06 0250cet):

As I see it, people actually do do their own enforcement of law, they pay taxes that pay the police and the courts. No free protection. There would be essentially nothing different under privately owned protection and law, other than it being more cheap and better suited to the wants of citizens who pay for their services.

On what do you base this claim?

AM: I base it on the fact that practically all services provided by a monopoly get cheaper and better suited to the wants of citizens who pay for their services as soon as competition is allowed.

A person running a monopolistic service can control his level of income simply by forcing people to pay him. If he’s got competition and no way to enforce people to buy from him (such as government protection by law), the only way to control his level of income (to be higher) is to make sure customers want to pay for the service. They can do it by providing their service in a range from cheap and barely satisfactory to expensive and highly satisfactory. Lot’s of room for different providers.

There’s no reason security would be different.

Best, Adam

[From Bill Powers (2011.07.09.0830 MDT)]

Adam Matic 2011.07.09 1520 CET --

AM: It would be much better if everyone could explicitly agree to abide to laws of a community they wish to join instead of passively accepting whatever the lawmakers decide. A community like that would probably have a small number of laws that don't change. If someone does not follow rules, he is out of the community. If no one is left in the community, then that means the laws were bad and people left for a better organised community.

That's why the only law enforcement I agree with is eviction from community, which is not necesarily phisical eviction; like on e-bay or similar auction sites where it's in everyone's long term interest to play by the rules. If a buyer doesn't pay, he won't get the thing he bought. He can't steal it. If the seller sends a bad product different from description, he gets bad reputation and people are less likely to buy from him. If there is fraud, the site can ban the user effectively evicting him from the community.

BP: This turns the discussion away from the concept of having laws to the question of enforcing laws. Eviction from the community is, of course, a coercive strategy in that the evictee has no choice about being evicted and is forced out if he or she resists. However, the usual picture of coercion is one of violence, the strong imposing their will on the weak in a basically hostile way. Even in this present coercive society there is recognition that this is not a good way to handle enforcement. In principle and in some countries, police are taught to use only the minimum of force required to stop the transgression and take the offender into custody. Some of them actually do it this way, and are not seduced into violence by extreme resistance or even attack.

But the question remains: what should we do with offenders once they have been detained? A Navaho community, according to my chief authority the late Tony Hillerman, would hold a "sing," a healing ceremony intended to restore the offender to harmony with his world. You suggest that mental health may well be involved.

That makes much sense to me, because criminals seem to be extremely short-sighted, not being aware of the impact of their behavior on their ability to achieve the highest of their own personal goals. So let's agree that the main purpose of our interactions with offenders should be to restore them to harmony with their worlds, including the other people in them. If that proves impossible, then all we can do is house them, feed them, give them some reasonably acceptable kind of life, and keep them separate from the rest of us as long as necessary or until someone comes up with a better method. That is not intended to suggest the term "prison," though it would involve confinement,

Now the question gets even narrower: how do we restore people to harmony with their worlds? I'm not ready to accept that a healing ceremony would be sufficient, although the attitude behind such a thing, of good will, understanding, and a willingness to help, can't be anything but beneficial and would probably work with some people. Oddly enough, I think that a more widely effective approach would probably be quite similar to the way the Method of Levels works.

In MOL, there is no diagnosis in which the therapist or someone else decides what the client's problem is, following the diagnosis with the treatment deemed effective for that kind of problem. Instead, the client is asked what problems the client would like to solve. When asked this question in a detention center for youthful offenders, residents typically said that their biggest problem was how to get out of that place (Goldstein, personal communication). While that's not surprising, it opens the door for further questioning oriented around what the client wants rather than what everybody else wants, and there are no difficulties with continuing the conversation. One can innocently ask, "How would it be better for you if you did get out?" Such a question is often answered with the other side of a conflict: what would be worse, like being rejected by the family again. That opens more doors, and the therapy is under way.

So it's not impossible to provide the right kind of psychotherapy that has a chance of restoring the offender to harmony. This would be a vast improvement over throwing offenders into educational institutions for the perfection of criminal skills. And it would not do irreversible harm in those cases where the individual is right and the community is wrong.

MA: In case of rape or murder.. I don't know.. I don't think any amount of laws can help with that. I think those crimes are mental health problems and hopefully some of them could be prevented by having easily available psychotherapy. Perhaps prisons are currently the best way to deal with rapist or murderors, they sure are better then lynching, and I hope still better ways will be made.

I agree that our best bet is to focus on the present system, namely reducing the number of laws, some of them are contradictory and overly arbitrary; and going toward a less cruel and more effective way of dealing with criminals and "criminals".

BP: I thought you might agree to that. That would do away with all my objections to lberatianism or other isms, because we could switch the focus from ideology to methodology. We would like offenders to refrain from further offenses and we would like them to be forgiven and restored to the community with -- as the Navaho put it -- beauty all around them.

Best,

Bill P.

[From Rick Marken (2011.07.09.1100)]

Adam Matic (2011.07.09 1530CET)–

AM (2011.07.06 0250cet):

As I see it, people actually do do their own enforcement of law, they pay taxes that pay the police and the courts. No free protection. There would be essentially nothing different under privately owned protection and law, other than it being more cheap and better suited to the wants of citizens who pay for their services.

RM: On what do you base this claim?

AM: I base it on the fact that practically all services provided by a monopoly get cheaper and better suited to the wants of citizens who pay for their services as soon as competition is allowed.

This is what I find so exasperating about libertarians (and ideologues in general, left and right). Aggregate data is of no interest; it’s all about anecdotes. I would evaluate your claim about private security by looking for evidence in the aggregate data regarding the relative merits of public versus private provision of public services, like heathcare. The data on healthcare suggests rather strongly that your assertion here is completely false. Healthcare in every country where the government has a “monopoly” on it is cheaper and more effective than it is in the US where healthcare for everyone except the elderly (Medicare) is provided in a competitive for-profit free market. Despite the overwhelming evidence that universal, single payer heath insurance is the most cost-effective with the best health outcomes, free marketeers argue against it with anecdotes about long waits and poor medical care in countries with “socialized medicine”.

The lack of interest in aggregate data by free marketers is also evidence by the fact that after years of Bush II “free market” policies that ruined the US economy there should not be a single “free marketer” left. But here they are again, pushing for lower taxes and less regulation – the very policies that produced the catastrophe we are currently living with – as the way to “prosperity”.

I have learned from personal experience (and I know from PCT, also) that “true believers” do not readily change their minds when the results of their “true beliefs” don’t pan out or even when their policies lead to catastrophe (as in the case of the communist policies of Stalin or the free market policies of Bush). It’s difficult to give up beliefs based on evidence, especially when those beliefs are very important to you (like economic and religious beliefs). I know how difficult it is because I’m always having to give up beliefs based on evidence when I do my research (I just had to give up my belief that I had shown the superiority of a closed over an open loop model of a reaction time task; it is not fun to give up such beliefs; it’s what makes doing science so difficult). I just hope that the destructive results of people’s reluctance to give up beliefs that hurt other people (destroying people’s ability to control their lives effectively, which is the result of policies that increase and/or preserve huge wealth disparities) don’t result in violence (French and Russian revolution style).

Best

Rick

···


Richard S. Marken PhD
rsmarken@gmail.com
www.mindreadings.com

[Martin Lewitt 2011 July 10 0447 MDT]

[From Rick Marken (2011.07.09.1100)]

Adam Matic (2011.07.09 1530CET)–

AM (2011.07.06 0250cet):

                    As I see it, people actually do do their own

enforcement of law, they pay taxes that pay the
police and the courts. No free protection. There
would be essentially nothing different under
privately owned protection and law, other than
it being more cheap and better suited to the
wants of citizens who pay for their services.

              RM: On what do you base this claim?
          AM: I base it on the fact that practically all services

provided by a monopoly get cheaper and better suited to
the wants of citizens who pay for their services as soon
as competition is allowed.

      This is what I find so exasperating about libertarians (and

ideologues in general, left and right). Aggregate data is of
no interest; it’s all about anecdotes. I would evaluate your
claim about private security by looking for evidence in the
aggregate data regarding the relative merits of public versus
private provision of public services, like heathcare. The data
on healthcare suggests rather strongly that your assertion
here is completely false. Healthcare in every country where
the government has a “monopoly” on it is cheaper and more
effective than it is in the US where healthcare for everyone
except the elderly (Medicare) is provided in a competitive
for-profit free market. Despite the overwhelming evidence that
universal, single payer heath insurance is the most
cost-effective with the best health outcomes, free marketeers
argue against it with anecdotes about long waits and poor
medical care in countries with “socialized medicine”.

What about the aggregate data about earlier diagnosis and more

effective treatment of cancer? The aggregate data you refer to,
includes people in the US without healthcare insurance, and that is
not the way to evaluate the US healthcare system. The US healthcare
system is a more expensive more three reasons, it is a luxury system
where more actual healthcare is consumed, it is also a more
complete healthcare system, supporting not just care, but also
research and development, and some of the regulation is excessive
reducing competition and making drugs and devices more expensive.

      The lack of interest in aggregate data by free marketers is

also evidence by the fact that after years of Bush II “free
market” policies that ruined the US economy there should not
be a single “free marketer” left. But here they are again,
pushing for lower taxes and less regulation – the very
policies that produced the catastrophe we are currently living
with – as the way to “prosperity”.

In economic terms you just provided an anecdote, and expect us to

accept the conclusions you draw from it.

      I have learned from personal experience (and I know from PCT,

also) that “true believers” do not readily change their minds
when the results of their “true beliefs” don’t pan out or even
when their policies lead to catastrophe (as in the case of the
communist policies of Stalin or the free market policies of
Bush). It’s difficult to give up beliefs based on evidence,
especially when those beliefs are very important to you (like
economic and religious beliefs).

You are right, free markets and capitalism adherents have a moral or

“religious” aspect, they like the idea that capitalism works better,
but would probably adhere to it, even without that happy
consequence. It is much like how we would reject a life of theft,
even if we had evidence that it worked better. However, that
doesn’t mean we wouldn’t acknowledge the evidence that theft worked
better, some people are capable of objectivity.

      I know how difficult it is because I'm always having to

give up beliefs based on evidence when I do my research (I
just had to give up my belief that I had shown the superiority
of a closed over an open loop model of a reaction time task;
it is not fun to give up such beliefs; it’s what makes doing
science so difficult). I just hope that the destructive
results of people’s reluctance to give up beliefs that hurt
other people (destroying people’s ability to control their
lives effectively, which is the result of policies that
increase and/or preserve huge wealth disparities) don’t result
in violence (French and Russian revolution style).

I'm sure you didn't give up your belief, until you were sure your

conceptualization had been given its full due. There are plenty of
reasons to believe that Bush II and the US healthcare system are not
the full realization of what is possible with the free market
system, in fact it is easy to attribute the faults and failures to
contaminants and impurities, many backed by almost prescient theory
based concerns before they occurred. Recall that the Bush
administration did propose reform of the quasi-governmental status
of FANNIE and FREDDIE, and that free market theory is skeptical that
the Federal Reserve makes things better than worse, and is also
critical of risk introduced into the economy by high levels of
leverage, as incentivised by the double taxation of equity financing
which debt financing is only single taxed or even fully tax
deductible.

regards,

     Martin L
···

On 7/9/2011 12:02 PM, Richard Marken wrote:

      Best



      Rick

  Richard S. Marken PhD

  rsmarken@gmail.com

  [www.mindreadings.com](http://www.mindreadings.com)

[From Adam Matic 2011.07.10 1315CET]

Rick Marken (2011.07.09.1100)

Healthcare in every country where the government has a “monopoly” on it is cheaper and more effective than it is in the US where healthcare for everyone except the elderly (Medicare) is provided in a competitive for-profit free market.

AM:

It is a myth that US healthcare is a free market system. It’s a heavily regulated and monopoly-dominated industry.

Consider that the AMA is the only agency that issues licences for practicing medicine. They have a government granted monopoly. No one else can issue licences and no one can practice medicine without a licence from the AMA. You can say that it is meant to benefit patients, but it still is a monopoly, and there is no proof that it actually benefits anyone other than AMA members. They can keep their salaries up by keeping out cheap competition. In some states, they can even keep out volunteers from providing free care to the poor.

Removing AMA monopoly would result in an instant increase in the supply of doctors and other personel and lowering of prices.

Consider that the FDA has a monopoly on allowing or banning drugs. Such agencies should be, in my opinion, advice providers, not a command center, and there should be more of them.

Big pharmaceutical companies have government granted monopolies on patent drugs (they are big because of that monopoly). Every year tons of illegally produced chemically indistinguishable drugs are destroyed in the name of providing patent protection. They are produced by competitive companies and sold cheaper than brand drugs, and they lower the income of big pharma. I’ve read recently that US pharma companies are in dispute with Indian pharma companies who sold AIDS drugs to African countries for half the price. The issue was patent protection. I think it is a very bad thing to have patents on drugs or procedures used to make drugs; and a very bad thing to ban importing of drugs.

The US already has socialised medicine.

Best, Adam

[From Adam Matic 2011.07.10. 1430]

Bill Powers (2011.07.09.0830 MDT)

That makes much sense to me, because criminals seem to be extremely short-sighted, not being aware of the impact of their behavior on their ability to achieve the highest of their own personal goals. So let’s agree that the main purpose of our interactions with offenders should be to restore them to harmony with their worlds, including the other people in them. If that proves impossible, then all we can do is house them, feed them, give them some reasonably acceptable kind of life, and keep them separate from the rest of us as long as necessary or until someone comes up with a better method. That is not intended to suggest the term “prison,” though it would involve confinement,

AM:

I absolutely agree with that. I also agree wholeheartedly with trying out methods of restoring harmony in people instead of punishing them. There is nothing I disagree in your post, actually. It paints a picture of a humane and kind society.

For me, an important question is who should be regarded as a criminal. Not many people in jails are rapists and murderers, but drug addicts, poor people who had nothing to eat and stole; or completely non-violent people who committed alleged political crimes or did not pay their taxes.

Best, Adam

[From Bill Powers (2011.07.14.0810 MDT)]

Martin Lewitt 2011 July 13 2334 MDT –

[From Rick Marken
(2011.07.13.1300)]

Martin Lewitt (2011 July 10 0447 MDT)–

The aggregate data you refer to, includes people in the US
without healthcare insurance, and that is not the way to evaluate the US
healthcare system.

RM: Yes, and the statistics on quality of life should leave out poor
people. You people are beyond disgusting.

BP: Good thing they are, otherwise you’d have to blame yourself for
choosing to be disgusted instead of looking for solutions. Moral
disapproval is not the most effective way to get people to change their
perceptions and goals.

ML: The US is the third most
populous nation in the world. Its voluntary healthcare system
should be evaluated based upon those who it fully serves. Many poor
people voluntarily choose not to participate, for instance, they decide
to send money back to Mexico and other home countries. That money is
important to the economy of those countries and even more important to
the loved ones they directly send the money to. Food and shelter are far
more basic needs, why don’t you trust the judgment of the poor, rather
than resenting their usage of the emergency rooms? The US
helps far more of the poor of the world with its porous borders admitting
needy poor and by serving as the economic engine of the world, than by
insular national socialism.

BP: Martin, this is a beautiful example of what I call goal-driven
reasoning. The objective is to justify the way people with means try to
keep what they have and not share any of it with others who (largely
because of the activities of those with the most means) have fewer means.
To reach this conclusion, it is necessary to make up certain premises and
present them as established facts. If you can get those invented facts
into circulation, your conclusion will follow just the way you want it
to. Your argument above has several tiers of invented facts; I’ll just
focus on one.

You are proposing that we evaluate the health-care system by how well it
serves the needs of those who don’t have to worry about how expensive it
is. That, of course, suits a small part of the population very well
indeed. They are quite satisfied with their health care and they can pay
the premiums and extras with ease. To justify this, however, you need to
establish that the poor choose not to participate in the health-care
system rather than being inhumanely and involuntarily shut out of it.
Once this fact is established, it can be used to show that it’s not
selfishness or indifference on the part of the rich that shuts out the
poor, but perverse decisions on the part of the poor for which nobody
else can be blamed.

Understanding this gives some hope of reforming the system, because it
shows that at least the rich do feel that their way of life requires
justification, and that deliberately shutting the poor out of the health
care system or simply being indifferent to their plight would be
unacceptable – unacceptable to others who judge them, certainly, but
maybe in some small way unacceptable even to themselves. If they can find
a way to reason out that it’s not their fault, they can feel free of
guilt or at least culpability. You are describing how they do that, and
helping them do it.

Somebody famous among Christians said, “Father, forgive them; for
they know not what they do.” I wouldn’t presume to give advice to
God, but to human beings I will suggest that to understand all is to
forgive all, so we should focus on understanding what is really going on
here, and do our best to make it so clear that nobody can continue to
pretend it’s not going on.

It should be quite possible to find out which of these invented facts are
true, which are not true, and which are unknowable. Assuming that rich
people and libertarians (and most other people) prefer to think of
themselves as reasonable, kind, self-consistent, and compassionate, and
in some cases even as followers of that famous person quoted above, I
think we can rely on enlightened self-interest to shift the self-image of
many rich people away from the persona of Donald Trump and toward that of
Warren Buffet even if not Mohandas Ghandi. Eventually. We can keep in
mind that if error is reduced a little, and goes on being reduced a
little, after a while it will be reduced a lot.

And we can also forgive, so as not to harden the defenses and encourage
counterattacks, and we can assume that with a clearer view of what is
going on, the rich will see that they are acting against their own
principles and even their own beliefs, so they will look for ways not to
do that. As we know, people change themselves; only their behavior can be
changed by arbitrary control, and what we want is for their perceptions
and highest reference conditions to change. From that, all else will
follow.

Best,

Bill P.

···

On 7/13/2011 1:56 PM, Richard > Marken wrote:

[From Bill Powers (2011.07.14.1148 MDT)]

Martin Lewitt 2011 July 14 0952 MDT –

ML: Let’s discuss what the
“people with means” really have. What if that is really
just stock in companies they control and manage. Sure they could
sell the stock and become just consumers? How do they benefit
society that way? Did it ever occur to you that we are better off
having founders and managers “keep what they have” and that by
keeping it they really are sharing “it with
others”?

BP: Sure, but why do they have to have so much for themselves that they
don’t share? Are they that much more deserving than everyone else is?
I’ve met quite a few of them, and they range from selfish pigs to very
good people who care about others almost as much as they care about
themselves. They don’t just own stocks and manage companies (which any
reasonably competent person can do). Unfortunately, too many of them have
delusions of grandeur like those of John Galt, thinking that they’re some
kind of royalty who have to be coddled and reassured of their importance
by being given huge amounts of money and even huger privileges. They
think they’re the only ones smart enough to run things and (as imagined
by Ayn Rand) they threaten to take their footballs and go home if they’re
not appreciated enough, and see how the complainers like that. It’s sort
of grade-school braggadocio, or middle school on a good day.

I can forgive someone for having delusions until they start getting
dangerous.

BP earlier: You are proposing
that we evaluate the health-care system by how well it serves the needs
of those who don’t have to worry about how expensive it is. That, of
course, suits a small part of the population very well indeed. They are
quite satisfied with their health care and they can pay the premiums and
extras with ease.

ML: The current healthcare system does benefit a large supermajority of
the people, not a “small part”, it is one of the possible flaws
that they don’t have to worry about how expensive it is, that does lead
to over consumption, but it is a luxury system, with little queuing, and
fear or comfort based rather than science based cost effect levels
of screening for scary conditions.

BP: Yes, lots of people with insurance benefit from the health care
system, but not without worry and strain on the budget the way the
wealthy do.

Don’t 47 million people without health insurance weigh just a tiny bit on
your conscience?

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/567737
. Doesn’t that large a
number, 15.8 percent of the population, rather defy your attempts to
minimize the problem? Or are you thinking that if only 15.8% are without
insurance, that isn’t much of a problem when so many people have it?

You know, if the people who have insurance were to contribute 16% of
their current premiums they could buy health insurance for those who
don’t have it. That would cost me $22 per month if my premiums are
average.

ML: I actually think the poor
are making the correct decisions, in most of the world there are more
basic priorities than healthcare, and forcing them to choose otherwise
via mandates is what would be inhumane. As it is there are already
too many mandates in the system that price healthcare out of their range,
e.g., having to see a doctor for prescriptions, or do you think the poor
are stupid too?

BP: So you recommend a system under which large numbers of people have to
make a choice between getting health care for their families and feeding
their families or themselves? If you have ever had to live on a limited
budget, you seem to have forgotten how that feels, especially if you’re
trying to take care of others beside yourself.

I’m sure you’re not really a cold, selfish, uncaring person, but the way
you’re putting spin on everything could mislead people into seeing you
that way.

BP erarlier: Understanding this
gives some hope of reforming the system, because it shows that at least
the rich do feel that their way of life requires justification, and that
deliberately shutting the poor out of the health care system or simply
being indifferent to their plight would be unacceptable – unacceptable
to others who judge them, certainly, but maybe in some small way
unacceptable even to themselves. If they can find a way to reason out
that it’s not their fault, they can feel free of guilt or at least
culpability. You are describing how they do that, and helping them do
it.

ML: Actually, it isn’t their fault, so finding a “way to
reason” that it isn’t, is not necessary. Apparently you think
merely having wealth makes it their fault.

BP: Their having enormous wealth (let’s use the right adjectives here)
qualifies them as persons of interest, at least. Variously attributed, it
has been observed that “Behind every great fortune there is a great
crime.” Those with great fortunes and those who depend on the owners
of fortunes for income do not normally agree with that, of course. Not
hard to figure out why.

BP earlier: Somebody famous
among Christians said, “Father, forgive them; for they know not what
they do.” I wouldn’t presume to give advice to God, but to human
beings I will suggest that to understand all is to forgive all, so we
should focus on understanding what is really going on here, and do our
best to make it so clear that nobody can continue to pretend it’s not
going on.

ML: I try to have no pretensions.

BP: Try harder.

BP earlier: It should be quite
possible to find out which of these invented facts are true, which are
not true, and which are unknowable.

BP: No comment on this? I left out a category: facts which are held to be
theoretically true but are unverified.

ML: Donald Trump is not an
attractive persona, but I suspect that Buffet has done more good for
humanity than Ghandi, whose nationalistic independence movement cost
millions of lives, as India disintegrated in sectarian
warfare.

BP: Golly, I hadn’t realize that Ghandi caused all that destruction and
death. What an evil person! How could anyone have admired him for
persuading people to resist without violence, thus nefariously causing
the helpless British soldiers to fire their weapons in self-defense and
kill a few towel-heads? A few hundred, a few tens of thousands, what’s
the difference?

ML: Unfortunately, too many rich
have been duped into feeling guilty for their wealth, and few are as
capable of doing much good with it other than creating more wealth, than
say, Bill Gates is, who has proven as good a manager of giving as he was
of Microsoft. Buffet, as usually, recognized good management, and
will give his wealth to Gates foundation. Contrast that with a Ted
Turner who instead of working to create more wealth, is instead
purchasing large tracts of land for the benefit of buffalo rather than
the poor.

BP: So you think Ted Turner should use his wealth for the benefit of the
poor? Funny, I do too. Using common sense, of course: not every poor
person is that way involuntarily.

I suspect that with further back-and-forth this discussion will only
degenerate. I’m going back to what this discussion forum is
about.

Best,

Bill P.

···