Helping?

Michelle Ivers (2004.03.25. 2100 EST)

[From Rick Marken (2004.03.25.0930)]

I think it would have made a difference if you had expressed as much
concern about the behavior of the guy doing the shooting
(counter-controlling) as you did about the behavior of the guy doing
the dancing (being counter controlled).

This is probably the third time I've said it, but Rick, I was only offering
a suggestion to you as to what you could do seeing as you were so disturbed
by Bill Williams comments.

I didn't think you agreed with his comments. My problem had nothing to
do with whether you agreed or not. My problem was that that the fact
that the comments were perceptions is irrelevant. Everything is
perceptions from a PCT perspective. My comments were my perceptions too.

Contrary to what you say here you did in fact accuse me of being a cohort of
the bully, defending Bill Williams and you wanted Bill Williams *and his
friends* to go away.

It's pseudo-PCT jargon because everything we say, do, see, control, act
on, etc. is perception from a PCT perspective. There is no situation in
which you would say that someone's views were _not_ their perceptions.
Thus, saying that what people say is just their perceptions, though
true from a PCT perspective, is misleading because it implies that in
some cases what people say is not their perceptions.

So if it took me such a little time to work out the truly obvious fact that
his comments were just his perceptions, how come it took you so long? I'm
glad that you agree with me now.

I'm trying to reply in ways that will help you further your
understanding of PCT and how to apply it. I hope my comments are
helpful.

All evidence to the contrary Rick. For me personally, as I don't have any
references about your view of me, your comments didn't affect me in any way.
But I can honestly say that I can see how someone else would be truly
offended, demeaned and degraded by your attempts to 'help'.
Some of your comments which were particularly unhelpful include: your
absolutely appalling example of "would it be ok if I insulted you" (none of
my original comments were in respect to if it was ok to do such a thing,
therefore your comments could be perceived as just inflammatory.)
your continual accusations that I was defending Bill Williams (I merely
stated a fact - with which you now agree)
your comment that "Once you get rid of the bullying and ignorance, you also
get rid of the interminable replies
(like this very post) to it." (once again it doesn't bother me in the
slightest, but this could easily be perceived as inflammatory)

It is really obvious to me that you have no idea about helping others learn,
or in fact teaching something to someone. The fact that you class me as
uninformed merely because my understanding is different to yours shows pure
arrogance.
No-one has yet said that I was wrong in what I said about the person dancing
bullets is still controlling their perceptions. I hear it from kids all the
time "Johnny made me do it". This is still not a valid excuse in my opinion
and I still believe that its our choice.

The thing that I think you have failed to realise or acknowledge, is that
I'm going to be around on this earth an awful long time after you've gone.
If PCT is to continue and grow, then you need young people like me to be
interested and passionate about it. Given that there are over 100 people
subscribed to this list, and only a handful who actively post, what are your
chances of PCT surviving past the Senior Citizens Group? Fortunately (or
unfortunately depending on your perceptions) I believe in this stuff and am
constantly trying to improve my understanding of it, despite your 'help'
Rick. Just because someone doesn't agree with you, doesn't necessarily make
them wrong.

Cheers
Michelle

[From Bill Powers (2004.03.25.0618 MST)]

Michelle Ivers (2004.03.25. 2100 EST)

Rick Marken (2004.03.25) --

You know, if you two simply dropped this entire argument without ever
reaching any agreement or conclusion, you might be surprised at how little
is lost.

Best,

Bill P.

[From Rick Marken (2004.03.25.1130)]

Michelle Ivers (2004.03.25. 2100 EST)--

It's pseudo-PCT jargon because everything we say, do, see, control, act
on, etc. is perception from a PCT perspective. There is no situation in
which you would say that someone's views were _not_ their perceptions.
Thus, saying that what people say is just their perceptions, though
true from a PCT perspective, is misleading because it implies that in
some cases what people say is not their perceptions.

So if it took me such a little time to work out the truly obvious fact that
his comments were just his perceptions, how come it took you so long? I'm
glad that you agree with me now.

No, I don't agree with that now and I didn't agree with it then. I think you
might re-read the the paragraph to which you are responding and see if you
can see where our difference lies. You can't learn PCT by assuming that what
you read confirms your preconceptions about it. I say this as one who has
made that mistake myself many times.

Some of your comments which were
particularly unhelpful include: your absolutely appalling example of
"would it be ok if I insulted you"

I'm sorry that you found my question unhelpful and appalling. I asked it
specifically because you didn't seem to find it appalling that Bill Williams
had been continuously insulting me and my work, calling me names like
"delusional", in the discussion to which you referred. You had said that
Bill's comments were "just his perception", implying that they were OK and
that I should simply ignore those comments. Yet you find it appalling that
I would ask how you would feel if someone insulted you, a question that is
also "just a perception". Apparently you are appalled more by perceptions
that are questions about _whether_ you would be insulted than by perceptions
that are actual insults. C'est la vie.

A quick note on "ignorant slut". I chose this phrase as an example insult
because it seemed very mild, since it's part of our family humor history. It
comes from an SNL parody of an old Point-Counterpoint TV segment where a
conservative and liberal commentator (James Kirkpatrick? and Shana
Alexander) debated the issues (this was back in the early 1970s). The debate
was very formal with each side taking turns in rebuttal to the other
(point-counterpoint). It was all very polite on the surface but the subtext
was, of course, very hostile. In the parody, Dan Ackroyd and possibly Jane
Curtin would start off very politely and maintain the stayed veneer until
near the end of the segment, at which point Ackroyd, still polite and staid,
starts his reply with "Shana, you ignorant slut,..." and Curtin follows with
something equally egregious, which I can't recall. Linda and I (and the
kids, when they arrived) loved that line. Ackroyd did it so well it
cracked us up. So now when Linda and I get in a heated debate about
something, one of us will often end up using the "Shana, you ignorant slut"
line, which helps bring us up a level. So I think of this phrase "ignorant
slut" as humorous and selected it for that reason, so as not to cause too
much of a stir. Obviously, it didn't work out that way. So now I suppose I
will be known as the person who called someone an ignorant slut on CSGnet .
The fact that I didn't call anyone an ignorant slut will surely be lost to
history, like the fact that the Spanish didn't sink the Maine (remember?).

your continual accusations that I was defending Bill Williams (I merely
stated a fact - with which you now agree)

You were implicitly defending Bill Williams by saying that I should ignore
his actual insults because they were just his perception. Your bias was
revealed by the fact that you ignored the fact that whatever I said in reply
was also "just my perceptions" and should have been ignored by Bill Williams
on the same grounds.

I never disagreed with the "fact" (it's actually an inference) that you
stated -- that his comments were " his perception". I disagreed (and still
disagree) with the implication of saying they were "just" his perception
because this implies that his comments would not have been OK if they were
something other than his perception or that mine were something other than
just my perception. Since it's impossible for comments (or anything else
people do) to be anything other than perceptions, the fact that his comments
were "just his perception" was irrelevant.

In PCT, the emphasis is on control of _perception_ because, according to the
model, what is controlled is a perceptual function of (assumed) physical
variables in the environment. Any particular perceptual variable, p, is
assumed to be a function of a vector of physical variables (such as light
intensities). So, in general, p = f(v1, v2...vn). The function f()
determines what is perceived (and what has to be done in order to keep p
under control). What we control is a representation of a hypothetical
physical reality, not that reality itself.

Saying that behavior is the control of perception does not mean that what we
control is "just" perception. Perceptions are all we have; they are
reality, from our point of view. The real world -- v1, v2...vn -- is the
inference. We know about v1, v2...vn only via scientific research, based on
observation of the behavior of our perceptions under specially created
circumstances (which are also perceptions) and comparing what is observed to
the behavior of mathematical models (which are also perceptions). I think
it's quite likely that all people control what are essentially the same
perceptual variables. This would be especially true for lower level
perceptions -- colors, shapes, transitions, etc - and less true for higher
level perceptions -- principles and system concepts -- though even in these
cases I think there is evidence of considerable homology.

I think the phrase "it's just perception" incorrectly implies that
perception is less important than something else (perhaps the real
environment) when it's all we've got. It also suggests that perception is
idiosyncratic (different for each individual) when that's not necessarily
true. You might experience what we both call "red" as what I experience as
blue, but I think the evidence is strong that we are both perceiving a color
perception that is the same function of the same physical variables
(wavelengths of light). Behavior _is_ the control of perception. But once
you understand the epistemology and, more important, the implications for
modeling, behind that phrase, you can be comfortable again talking about
controlling, say, a perception of the letters on the screen _or_ the letters
on the screen, since the latter exists only as a perception, of course.

your comment that "Once you get rid of the bullying and ignorance, you also
get rid of the interminable replies (like this very post) to it."

I'm sorry. I was referring to the post I was writing, not to yours.

It is really obvious to me that you have no idea about helping others learn,
or in fact teaching something to someone.

That is certainly a possibility. Any suggestions would be greatly
appreciated.

The fact that you class me as uninformed merely because my
understanding is different to yours shows pure arrogance.

I'm sorry I implied that you were uninformed about PCT. All I know about how
informed you are is based on what you said and much of what you said seems
to reflect an understanding of PCT that is, indeed, different from mine. I
don't think you are uninformed simply _because_ your understanding is
different. But I do think that if we are not willing to reexamine our
understanding of PCT when it differs from that of someone who understands
PCT, then I think there won't be much room for learning, if there is any
learning to be done. When I find myself having a different understanding of
something PCT than does someone like Bruce Abbott, for example, who I judge
to have a very good understanding of PCT, I don't automatically assume that
my understanding is just as good as, or better than, his. I try to
re-examine the issue and see why our understandings differ. This happened a
couple years ago, when I was sure that agent A could not control the actions
of agent B, by disturbing a variable B is controlling, if B's reference for
the state of that variable was constantly (and unpredictably) changing. The
result was the demo to which I referred you
(http://www.mindreadings.com/ControlDemo/Coercion.html) which proves that
Bruce was right; you can control the actions of B even if B's reference for
the controlled variable is changing randomly. So I learned by re-examining
my own understanding of PCT when it differed from that of someone who also
understands PCT.

No-one has yet said that I was wrong in what I said about the person dancing
bullets is still controlling their perceptions.

Because you're not wrong. Actually, I think I was the one who mentioned
that the person dancing must be controlling a perception of not getting shot
in the foot in order for the bad guy to exert his counter control.

I hear it from kids all the
time "Johnny made me do it". This is still not a valid excuse in my opinion
and I still believe that its our choice.

That is a personal judgment on your part, not a derivation from PCT. In
fact, Johnny did make the kid do it if Johnny disturbed a variable the kid
was controlling; after all, o = -1/g(d) when you are controlling a variable
influenced by both o and d. While it is true that the kid could have avoided
doing whatever Johnny made him do by giving up control of the variable
Johnny disturbed, I happen to think that Johnny (not the kid being provoked)
is the person without the valid excuse. Johnny is like the bad guy in the
shooting example. From your point of view the good guy doesn't have a valid
excuse for saying that the bad guy made him dance because the good guy could
have just stopped controlling for getting shot and the bad guy's shots would
then have not been able to make him dance (though then they would have made
him bleed). I think it's rather cavalier to tell the good guy or the
provoked kid that they should stop controlling for things just so that some
bully can't make them behave in a way that one considers inappropriate. I'd
rather tell the bad guy or the bully that they should change _their_
references. From my perspective, the people to be dealt with are the bad guy
and the bully, Johnny. This is not a judgment based on PCT, of course. It
just reflects my personal value system.

Fortunately (or unfortunately depending on your perceptions) I believe
in this stuff and am constantly trying to improve my understanding of
it, despite your 'help' Rick.

That's really great. I'm glad you are doing this.

Just because someone doesn't agree with you, doesn't necessarily make
them wrong.

Boy, do I know that! But I've also found that it's equally true that just
because someone doesn't agree with you, it doesn't mean they're right
either.

My goal in doing PCT is not to get agreement from people but to get
agreement between model and data. I think achievement of the latter should
be the main focus of discussion in this group. I would like to see this
occur in a reasonably civil atmosphere. Perhaps that can be achieved without
moderation. We shall see.

Best

Rick

···

--
Richard S. Marken
MindReadings.com
Home: 310 474 0313
Cell: 310 729 1400

[Martin Taylor 2004.02.25.1551]

[From Rick Marken (2004.03.25.1130)]

> Just because someone doesn't agree with you, doesn't necessarily make

them wrong.

Boy, do I know that! But I've also found that it's equally true that just
because someone doesn't agree with you, it doesn't mean they're right
either.

I have a relevant aphorism I use from time to time: "Even though
everyone thinks something is right, it isn't necessarily wrong."

Martin

Michelle Ivers (2004.03.26.0845 EST)

[From Rick Marken (2004.03.25.1130)]

Some of your comments which were
particularly unhelpful include: your absolutely appalling example of
"would it be ok if I insulted you"

I'm sorry that you found my question unhelpful and appalling. I asked it
specifically because you didn't seem to find it appalling that Bill

Williams

had been continuously insulting me and my work, calling me names like
"delusional", in the discussion to which you referred.

Sorry for not making myself clearer here Rick. I said your example was
appalling. The question was fine and the insult didn't bother me at all.

You had said that
Bill's comments were "just his perception", implying that they were OK and
that I should simply ignore those comments.

I've pulled out my American translator here Rick. Try reading my comment in
this way. "just HIS perception". Does that make it clearer for you. Once
again, I'm trying to show you that I wasn't commenting at all on the OK-ness
of any of it.

Yet you find it appalling that
I would ask how you would feel if someone insulted you, a question that is
also "just a perception". Apparently you are appalled more by perceptions
that are questions about _whether_ you would be insulted than by

perceptions

that are actual insults. C'est la vie.

Not true, and if you'd taken some time to get to know me and hadn't read my
posts with your own preconceptions on them you'd have seen that.

A quick note on "ignorant slut"...........

Probably best to leave family in-jokes as just that. No wonder that no-one
here got the joke. Also a quick mention that the episode you are talking
about happened before I was even a twinkle in my Daddy's eye. (not much
chance of getting that one)

It is really obvious to me that you have no idea about helping others

learn,

or in fact teaching something to someone.

That is certainly a possibility. Any suggestions would be greatly
appreciated.

I'd love to offer some suggestions Rick. Probably the number one rule is to
KNOW the person you are dealing with. Gain some knowledge about where
they've come from, their experiences, interests etc.

I think it's rather cavalier to tell the good guy or the
provoked kid that they should stop controlling for things just so that some
bully can't make them behave in a way that one considers inappropriate. I'd
rather tell the bad guy or the bully that they should change _their_
references. From my perspective, the people to be dealt with are the bad

guy

and the bully, Johnny. This is not a judgment based on PCT, of course. It
just reflects my personal value system.

OK, so PCT doesn't say whether its good or bad, right or wrong etc. Can I
ask you personally then.....
If Peter is controlling to have Johnny like him, and Johnny is being a bully
as you put it and 'making' Peter do things, (is this ok so far?)
Peter then for example hits a kid or steals something or whatever you like,
(all because johnny was 'making' him do this stuff to control his perception
of being liked)
That Johnny should be dealt with and not Peter???

Based on your personal value system, is it ok for Peter to do these things
because Johnny 'made' him do it??

My goal in doing PCT is not to get agreement from people but to get
agreement between model and data. I think achievement of the latter should
be the main focus of discussion in this group. I would like to see this
occur in a reasonably civil atmosphere. Perhaps that can be achieved

without

moderation. We shall see.

Seems to me that the general tone of emails has changed already.
Probably only my perception of things though

Cheers
Michelle

[From Rick Marken (2004.03.25.1820)]

Michelle Ivers (2004.03.26.0845 EST)

It is really obvious to me that you have no idea about helping others
learn, or in fact teaching something to someone.

That is certainly a possibility. Any suggestions would be greatly
appreciated.

I'd love to offer some suggestions Rick. Probably the number one rule
is to
KNOW the person you are dealing with. Gain some knowledge about where
they've come from, their experiences, interests etc.

Very good suggestion. Please tell me a little about yourself. What are
your interests? How did you learn about PCT?

My bio is at Richard Marken Bio. My interests are
in almost everything, from Bach to bridge, but I'm currently doing
research on health care safety policy, pilot training, macroeconomics
and catching baseballs. I discovered PCT in 1978 and started doing
research based on PCT shortly thereafter. I have published two
collections of papers describing my research in PCT: _Mind Readings_
and _More Mind Readings_. I have also published a couple of papers
since those books were published. If you are interested I can send you
reprints.

OK, so PCT doesn't say whether its good or bad, right or wrong etc.
Can I
ask you personally then.....
If Peter is controlling to have Johnny like him, and Johnny is being a
bully
as you put it and 'making' Peter do things, (is this ok so far?)
Peter then for example hits a kid or steals something or whatever you
like,
(all because johnny was 'making' him do this stuff to control his
perception
of being liked) That Johnny should be dealt with and not Peter???

It depends. If Johnny really put Peter up to it , taking advantage of
Peter's desire to be liked by Johnny, then Johnny should be dealt with
as an accessory to the crime. Peter should also be dealt with in this
case because he has committed a crime, unless it can be shown that
Peter did it under duress (with a gun to his head, for example). If
Johnny did not put Peter up to it (if Johnny wasn't counter controlling
Peter) or coerce Peter into doing it then Johnny is innocent and only
Peter should be dealt with. I think that's the way the law would deal
with this, too. If someone intended to do it or intended for an
accomplice to do it, then that person is guilty. If the accomplice
intended to do it and was not coerced into doing it, the accomplice is
guilty as well.

Based on your personal value system, is it ok for Peter to do these
things
because Johnny 'made' him do it??

It depends on how Johnny made him do it. If Johnny held a gun to
Peter's head and threatened to kill him if he didn't do it then,
although I wouldn't say that it was OK for Peter to steal, it was
certainly understandable. If Johnny did it via a milder form of counter
control (Johnny tells Peter to steal or he won't be his friend, taking
advantage of knowing that Peter is desperate for Johnny's friendship)
then I would deal with Peter by suggesting that he re-evaluate his
priorities. Of course, I would also deal with Johnny severely in both
these cases, for being the mastermind of the crime (a fellow named
Charles Manson is sitting in jail for doing just this, only in this
case Peter was killing rather than stealing, and Peter is in jail, too).

  If Johnny did nothing and stealing was just Peter's way of trying to
get Johnny to like him, then I would deal with Peter pretty harshly.
Johnny is an innocent bystander in this case who just happened to have
a "stalker" after him.

  In none of these cases is it OK for Peter to steal (from my
perspective). But in the first case (of coercion by Johnny) there are
extenuating circumstances that make Peter's stealing acceptable, but
still not OK.

Seems to me that the general tone of emails has changed already.
Probably only my perception of things though

Your perception corresponds to my perception as well. It's really nice
to talk to you.

Best regards

Rick

···

---
Richard S. Marken
marken@mindreadings.com
Home 310 474-0313
Cell 310 729-1400

From[Bill Williams 26 March 2004 1:40 AM CST]

[From Bill Powers (2004.03.25.0618 MST)]

Michelle Ivers (2004.03.25. 2100 EST)

Rick Marken (2004.03.25) --

You know, if you two simply dropped this

entire argument without ever reaching any

agreement or conclusion, you might be surprised

at how little is lost.

I wouldn't for a moment ask that anyone continue

this thread for my sake. However, it seemed to me, merely a perception you
understand, that by

calling Michelle an "ignorant slut" Rick made a

small mistake. And, speaking of mistakes, what

was Michelle's mistake? It seems obvious that

what Michelle did was to take on a task that Bill Powers attempted some time
ago and failed to successfully carry out-- that is explain to

Rick that,... but let I will let Bill Powers

tell it:

[From Bill Powers (2003.05.15.1257 MDT)]

Rick Marken (2003.05.15.0820)--

While Bill and I are still around, I wish

those of you bystanders who are presumably

rooting for PCT would be nice enough to stop

blaming us for the lack of acceptance of

PCT. You can't imagine how annoying it is.

Why do you think they do it? Your reactions are

so predictable and satisfying. They don't

_really_ think you are to blame,

WDW# I do believe that Rick is to blame.

WDW#

WDW# Perceptions, like gas mileage, may, of

WDW# course, differ.

but all they have to do is say you are, and

they can gleefully watch for you to put your

foot in your mouth again when you lose your

temper and start defending yourself. I must say

that your reactions have lost some of their

zing lately, though. You're too calm and

collected -- what does it take to get you to

call a critic an asshole nowadays?

I am not sure about "asshole" but all it

apparently takes to get Rick to call someone

an "ignorant slut" is for someone to argue, and

persist in arguing, that there is no magical

force that would compel, for instance, Rick to

call someone an "ignorant slut." As some of

us see it, Rick has chosen to call Michelle

an "ignorant slut."

I would respectfully disagree with Bill Powers.

I think what we would have lost if Michelle

and Rick hadn't generated their exchange, wud

have been the thrill of watching Rick getting

his ass kicked by a mere girl.

Rick really does seem to be "losing his zing."

But that's just my perception.

Bill Williams

[From Peter Small (2004.03.26)]

Like Michelle, I am new to PCT and still trying to include the
concept into my own cognitive model as to how the world works.

To my mind, this discussion between Rick and Michelle exposes the
difficulties encountered when treating PCT as a stand alone model
that sits at the top of a cognitive hierarchy.

As I'm understanding PCT, it is a very good model for isolating the
phenomenon of perception, allowing us to realize that everybody's
perception is different because it is determined by their own unique
priorities. Knowing this, allows us to disturb other people's
perceptions by altering elements in the world that relate to their
priorities.

This is fine for a snapshot view, but is a gross oversimplification
of what actually takes place. As soon as other considerations are
taken into account: such as emotions and the way the brain works, a
far more complex situation is revealed that is outside of the limited
conceptual model provided by PCT.

For example, perception is a dynamic process that is influenced by
many different areas of the brain. It doesn't happen as a single
event, but as a series of transitions through several stages -
created as a result of the interactions between parts of the brain
that deal with appraisal and parts of the brain that produce emotions.

Before conscious perception is realized, an unconscious appraisal is
made and deep seated emotions aroused to concentrate attention upon a
narrow selection of priorities. In other words a filter is applied to
reduce the total complexity of perception possibilities into a
narrower bandwidth (significantly, this leaves the conscious mind
blind to much of the information available for perception purposes).

This unconscious appraisal is then modified by higher emotional
structures in our brain and our consciousness is aroused for a new
appraisal. This conscious appraisal arouses new emotions that modify
the appraisal again that may lead to new emotions and new appraisals
(and new filtering arrangement of available information). This is a
continuos, ongoing process, driven by positive as well as negative
feedback loops.

It is quite easy to see, using this model, how a phase such as
"ignorant slut" might appear amusing to Rick, but arouse deep seated
emotions in Michelle that might unconsciously affect her perception
of the information contained in Rick's post.

Bill Williams seems totally oblivious to this dynamic aspect of
perceptions. He causes offence, probably not intentionally, by
creating arguments based upon how he personally perceives the message
content of posts. He seems unaware that other people might read the
same text, but, because of the way their unique emotional and
appraisal systems are interacting, might perceive the contents in a
totally different way.

Trying to resolve differences through rational argument may be
completely fruitless if no account is taken of the influence emotions
have on appraisals and perceptions.

Here is a section from: "Bridging emotion theory and neurobiology
through dynamic system modeling"
by Marc D. Lewis, which explains this more technically:

3.3.2. Self-amplificaton phase. In order for an EI [emotional
interpretation] to "take over" the psychological system, a phase of
self-amplification must follow perturbation and nucleation. Appraisal
and emotion constituents may now interact in positive feedback loops,
such that the activation of any element leads to the activation of
other elements in recursive cycles of increasing magnitude. According
to appraisal theorists, appraisal elements (e.g., pre-attentive
perceptions of an approaching other) stimulate emotions. As shown by
Mathews and others, emotions guide the focus of attention and recall
to those features that are emotionally relevant (e.g., facial and
postural cues, or the head movements of the driver in front of Mr.
Smart). In the present model, this increase in cognitive activities
dedicated to emotion-relevant cues strengthens the emergent appraisal
and amplifies emotional activation. Thus, perceptual, emotional, and
attentional processes amplify one another (positive feedback) but at
the same time begin to tune or constrain each other (negative
feedback) as the EI [emotional interpretation] grows.

"Bridging emotion theory and neurobiology through dynamic system modeling"
by Marc D. Lewis, which explains this more technically.

Peter Small

Author of: Lingo Sorcery, Magical A-Life Avatars, The Entrepreneurial
Web, The Ultimate Game of Strategy and Web Presence
http://www.stigmergicsystems.com

···

[From Rick Marken (2004.03.25.1820)]

Michelle Ivers (2004.03.26.0845 EST)

It is really obvious to me that you have no idea about helping others
learn, or in fact teaching something to someone.

That is certainly a possibility. Any suggestions would be greatly
appreciated.

I'd love to offer some suggestions Rick. Probably the number one rule
is to
KNOW the person you are dealing with. Gain some knowledge about where
they've come from, their experiences, interests etc.

Very good suggestion. Please tell me a little about yourself. What are
your interests? How did you learn about PCT?

My bio is at Richard Marken Bio. My interests are
in almost everything, from Bach to bridge, but I'm currently doing
research on health care safety policy, pilot training, macroeconomics
and catching baseballs. I discovered PCT in 1978 and started doing
research based on PCT shortly thereafter. I have published two
collections of papers describing my research in PCT: _Mind Readings_
and _More Mind Readings_. I have also published a couple of papers
since those books were published. If you are interested I can send you
reprints.

OK, so PCT doesn't say whether its good or bad, right or wrong etc.
Can I
ask you personally then.....
If Peter is controlling to have Johnny like him, and Johnny is being a
bully
as you put it and 'making' Peter do things, (is this ok so far?)
Peter then for example hits a kid or steals something or whatever you
like,
(all because johnny was 'making' him do this stuff to control his
perception
of being liked) That Johnny should be dealt with and not Peter???

It depends. If Johnny really put Peter up to it , taking advantage of
Peter's desire to be liked by Johnny, then Johnny should be dealt with
as an accessory to the crime. Peter should also be dealt with in this
case because he has committed a crime, unless it can be shown that
Peter did it under duress (with a gun to his head, for example). If
Johnny did not put Peter up to it (if Johnny wasn't counter controlling
Peter) or coerce Peter into doing it then Johnny is innocent and only
Peter should be dealt with. I think that's the way the law would deal
with this, too. If someone intended to do it or intended for an
accomplice to do it, then that person is guilty. If the accomplice
intended to do it and was not coerced into doing it, the accomplice is
guilty as well.

Based on your personal value system, is it ok for Peter to do these
things
because Johnny 'made' him do it??

It depends on how Johnny made him do it. If Johnny held a gun to
Peter's head and threatened to kill him if he didn't do it then,
although I wouldn't say that it was OK for Peter to steal, it was
certainly understandable. If Johnny did it via a milder form of counter
control (Johnny tells Peter to steal or he won't be his friend, taking
advantage of knowing that Peter is desperate for Johnny's friendship)
then I would deal with Peter by suggesting that he re-evaluate his
priorities. Of course, I would also deal with Johnny severely in both
these cases, for being the mastermind of the crime (a fellow named
Charles Manson is sitting in jail for doing just this, only in this
case Peter was killing rather than stealing, and Peter is in jail, too).

If Johnny did nothing and stealing was just Peter's way of trying to
get Johnny to like him, then I would deal with Peter pretty harshly.
Johnny is an innocent bystander in this case who just happened to have
a "stalker" after him.

In none of these cases is it OK for Peter to steal (from my
perspective). But in the first case (of coercion by Johnny) there are
extenuating circumstances that make Peter's stealing acceptable, but
still not OK.

Seems to me that the general tone of emails has changed already.
Probably only my perception of things though

Your perception corresponds to my perception as well. It's really nice
to talk to you.

Best regards

Rick
---
Richard S. Marken
marken@mindreadings.com
Home 310 474-0313
Cell 310 729-1400

--

[From Bill Powers (2004.03.26.0603 MST)]

Bill Williams 26 March 2004 1:40 AM CST--

I don't want to start any flame wars again, but I can't see why people are
insisting that Rick called Michelle an ignorant slut. Could somebody quote
to me the exact passage in which he did that? I must have missed it.

Best,

Bill P.

[From Bill Powers (2004.03.26.0609 MST)]

Peter Small (2004.03.26) --

To my mind, this discussion between Rick and Michelle exposes the
difficulties encountered when treating PCT as a stand alone model
that sits at the top of a cognitive hierarchy.

Is that exactly what you meant to say? PCT is a stand-alone model that sits
at the top of a cognitive hierarchy? What is the cognitive hierarchy it
sits atop of?

As I'm understanding PCT, it is a very good model for isolating the
phenomenon of perception, allowing us to realize that everybody's
perception is different because it is determined by their own unique
priorities. Knowing this, allows us to disturb other people's
perceptions by altering elements in the world that relate to their
priorities.

This is fine for a snapshot view, but is a gross oversimplification
of what actually takes place.

It's also a gross oversimplication of PCT, since it leaves out the basic
idea on which PCT is founded: control. The phenomenon of which you speak is
a side-effect of the basic way behavior operates. Before you characterize
PCT, I think it would be a good idea to understand it. So far you haven't
shown very strong indications of that.

As soon as other considerations are
taken into account: such as emotions and the way the brain works, a
far more complex situation is revealed that is outside of the limited
conceptual model provided by PCT.

PCT does include a theory of emotion, and it is a theory of how the brain
works, too -- although it doesn't fit YOUR theory of how the brain works.

For example, perception is a dynamic process that is influenced by
many different areas of the brain. It doesn't happen as a single
event, but as a series of transitions through several stages -
created as a result of the interactions between parts of the brain
that deal with appraisal and parts of the brain that produce emotions.

PCT treats perception as a continuous dynamic process that involves many
areas of the brain. It deals with events only at one level, and at other
levels deals with intensities, sensations, configurations, transitions,
relationships, categories, sequences, programs, principles, and system
concepts (in its present form). These are successive stages of perception
created as a result of the way different parts of the brain interact. Each
can be identified in experience, and everyone so far who has examined
experience to see if such classes exist has agreed that they do.

Emotion is a byproduct of the operation of this system, not a cause of
anything. Emotion does not think or interpret, either.

This model of perception is meant to represent the way the world of
experience looks to us at many levels of interpretation. The concept of
chaotic oscillators doesn't seem to have much of anything to do with our
actual experiences, which is what perception is about. Do you see anything
oscillating out there, chaotically or otherwise? On the other hand, do you
experience intensities, sensations, configurations, transitions, events,
relationships, categories, sequences, programs, principles, and system
concepts? Do you control aspects of experience that fall into these
classes, acting on the world so as to make perceptions of each class
approach specified reference conditions (as if some metaphorical
"attractor" existed)? Do you find that in order to control perceptions of
one of these classes, it is necessary to vary the set-points or reference
levels for controlling perceptions of classes lower in the hierarchy? Do
you observe that disturbances of variables of any of these classes result
in adjustments of lower-order control processes that automatically oppose
the effects of the disturbances on the controlled perceptions?

If you have noticed these phenomena you will see why PCT is constructed as
it is, and you will understand what PCT is about. I don't know what the
"chaotic oscillators" model is about -- there don't seem to be any
phenomena that relate to it at an observable level (without the aid of a
lot of imagination). The idea that one has to "filter out" all those
complexities of perception is, to my mind, very old-fashioned (fifty or
sixty years ago, people (like Robert Galambos) were talking about how the
perceptual system operates to keep the cortex from being "bombarded by too
many nerve impulses"). I think it's more likely that the brain has to work
very hard to extract anything that makes sense from the initial set of
intensity signals, and that what it does extract is more constructed than
"allowed in." Moreover, it does this constructing in many stages, not in
one jump.

You see, PCT involves ideas that are very different from the ones you
describe as part of complexity theory. Nothing is left out by way of
observable phenomena, and a great deal is covered that complexity theory
ignores, the main one being the various glaringly obvious phenomena of
negative feedback control.

It is quite easy to see, using this model, how a phase such as
"ignorant slut" might appear amusing to Rick, but arouse deep seated
emotions in Michelle that might unconsciously affect her perception
of the information contained in Rick's post.

Now you're just guessing about what is going on in these people. This is
not theorizing but psychologizing.

Trying to resolve differences through rational argument may be
completely fruitless if no account is taken of the influence emotions
have on appraisals and perceptions.

Particularly if emotions are a consequence of appraisals and perceptions
and the attempt to do something to change the appraisals and
perceptions..I dispute your theory of emotion.

Here is a section from: "Bridging emotion theory and neurobiology
through dynamic system modeling"
by Marc D. Lewis, which explains this more technically:

3.3.2. Self-amplificaton phase. In order for an EI [emotional
interpretation] to "take over" the psychological system, a phase of
self-amplification must follow perturbation and nucleation.

What is an "emotional interpretation?" Can the amydala "interpret" an
insulting statement? Or is it likely that the statement gets interpreted
(by something that understands language and social relationships) prior to
the amygdala getting involved at all? This citation from Lewis is not a
"more technical" discription; merely an imaginative one that leaves out all
the details and ignores the problem of corroborating details. I see no
reason to believe anything that Lewis says in your citation. It's an
enormous hypothesis with a lot of parts, but there is no test to see if it
has anything to do with reality -- at least no test that I know about.
Perhaps you know how all these details have been verified. I suspect that
they're not verified at all, but offered as a plausible story that fits the
underlying theory in a loose sort of way.

Peter, you're just skimming the surface of PCT, picking up on familiar
words and interpreting them in the light of what you already knew or
believed. You can't do it justice that way, and you're less likely to
understand it than to seriously misunderstand it. There is more to PCT than
you can see from a tentative examination from a distance, especially if
your objective is to defend a different theoretical view. The only good way
to approach PCT is to stop caring about it one way or another, and just
examine it skeptically to see if it makes sense. You can't do that if
another theory is getting in the way.

Best,

Bill P.

From[Bill Williams 26 March 2004 10:20 AM PST]

[From Bill Powers (2004.03.26.0603 MST)]

Bill Williams 26 March 2004 1:40 AM CST--

I don't want to start any flame wars again,

Good. Let us just keep on perceiving.

Bill Williams

[From Peter Small (2004.03.26)]

Bill (Powers), to get to the root of our differences, I'll select a
couple of the points you have made:

You wrote:

Emotion is a byproduct of the operation of this system, not a cause
of anything. Emotion does not think or interpret, either.

Here is where we have a serious disagreement. In my understanding of
the way in which the brain works, emotions are fundamental to
appraisal, thinking, interpretation and action. Without this
fundamental base, no appraisals would be possible. No thinking would
be possible. No interpretation would be possible. It just isn't
tenable to state that emotions are a byproduct: they are the triggers
and instigators of the cognitive processes.

Emotions cannot be treated separately. All the neural circuitry that
deal with emotions are inextricably linked to the circuitries that
deal with appraisals and action. There is continuous positive and
negative feedback between them.

This is not my personal opinion. This has been discovered over the
last two decades as a result of extensive scientific work. As far as
I'm aware, few people will dispute this. The reference I gave, to
Marc Lewis' paper, provided a full and thorough explanation as well
as extensive references to back up every point that was made.

I would appreciate comments from other people who have read this paper.

You wrote:

I don't know what the
"chaotic oscillators" model is about -- there don't seem to be any
phenomena that relate to it at an observable level (without the aid of a
lot of imagination). The idea that one has to "filter out" all those
complexities of perception is, to my mind, very old-fashioned (fifty or
sixty years ago, people (like Robert Galambos) were talking about how the
perceptual system operates to keep the cortex from being "bombarded by too
many nerve impulses"). I think it's more likely that the brain has to work
very hard to extract anything that makes sense from the initial set of
intensity signals, and that what it does extract is more constructed than
"allowed in." Moreover, it does this constructing in many stages, not in
one jump.

It does require a considerable paradigm shift to see how the
functioning of the brain is based upon complexity theory and
attractor states, but this view is becoming increasingly accepted as
more and more evidence is uncovered.

The brain isn't like an electrical circuit or a computer, it is a
dynamic system that is in a continuos state of change. For example,
it has now been established that Hebb learning (changes to synaptic
junctions) occurs when emotional states cause a neural network to go
into oscillation (an attractor state). Without these oscillations
synaptic junctions cannot change.

Similarly, neural networks, settling into various attractor states,
account for the way the brain makes appraisals and activates
cognitive neural networks. Myriads of positive and negative feedback
loops are brought into play, modulated by complex systems of
neurochemicals that are instigated by emotions.

This is not hypotheses, these explanations have been ascertained by
observing brain activity in thousands of different kinds of
experiments.

Please Bill, read Marc Lewis' paper and then come back to me and tell
me you still don't think that the working of the brain is based upon
dynamic complexity and you still believe emotions are a byproduct.

I'm not writing this to decry PCT, I still think it makes a valuable
contribution to psychology, but, it makes much more sense if it is
couched in terms that correspond with contemporary knowledge.

Peter Small

Author of: Lingo Sorcery, Magical A-Life Avatars, The Entrepreneurial
Web, The Ultimate Game of Strategy and Web Presence
http://www.stigmergicsystems.com

···

--

[From Rick Marken (2004.03.26.0845)]

Bill Powers (2004.03.26.0603 MST)]

Bill Williams 26 March 2004 1:40 AM CST--

I don't want to start any flame wars again, but I can't see why people are
insisting that Rick called Michelle an ignorant slut. Could somebody quote
to me the exact passage in which he did that? I must have missed it.

Having been subjected to this same thing yourself, I'm sure you know that
there is no such passage and that this will not stop those who want to
perpetuate this slander from treating the existence of such a passage as a
historical fact. Hatred doesn't need data.

Best regards

Rick

···

--
Richard S. Marken
MindReadings.com
Home: 310 474 0313
Cell: 310 729 1400

[From Rick Marken (2004.03.26.1120)]

Peter Small (2004.03.26) --

I'm not writing this to decry PCT, I still think it makes a valuable
contribution to psychology, but, it makes much more sense if it is
couched in terms that correspond with contemporary knowledge.

I would say that it's PCT that's the contemporary knowledge. I think dynamic
complexity theory is an old and failed attempt to explain purposeful
behavior in S-R terms. When you cut through all the mathematics you find
that dynamic complexity is a theory that represents the ends produced by
purposeful systems as being equivalent to the final resting state of a
pendulum. I have done at least one set of experiments (Marken, 1991,
Psychological Science, 2, 92-100) to show that dynamic complexity theory
cannot, in principle, explain real purposeful behavior, the kind that occurs
in an unpredictably changing environment.

The problem with dynamic complexity theory is that it does not start with a
proper understanding of the _nature_ of the phenomenon it purports to
explain: purposeful behavior. One of the great contributions of PCT to
behavioral science is that it starts with an explanation of what purposeful
behavior _is_: it is control, the process of bringing variables to
pre-selected states and maintaining them in those states, protected from
disturbance. The central feature of this purposeful process is the variable
that is under control: the _controlled variable_. The most important term in
the lexicon of contemporary knowledge of behavior, then, is _controlled
variable_. Dynamic complexity theory does not use this term (neither does
any other theory of behavior, for that matter, other than PCT) nor does it
have it's own term that refers to the phenomenon pointed at by the term
_controlled variable_. Therefore, dynamic complexity theory cannot be saved
by couching it in terms of contemporary knowledge of purposeful behavior
(PCT). It can only be saved by making the controlled variable a central
feature of the theory. At which point dynamic complexity theory becomes PCT.

Best regards

Rick

···

--
Richard S. Marken
MindReadings.com
Home: 310 474 0313
Cell: 310 729 1400

[From Bill Powers (2004.03.26.1710 MST)]

Peter Small (2004.03.26) --

Emotion is a byproduct of the operation of this system, not a cause
of anything. Emotion does not think or interpret, either.

Here is where we have a serious disagreement. In my understanding of
the way in which the brain works, emotions are fundamental to
appraisal, thinking, interpretation and action.

I think you should follow Rick's advice and read what I have written on
emotions. Our view are almost diametrically opposed on this subject.

It just isn't tenable to state that emotions are a byproduct: they are the
triggers and instigators of the cognitive processes.

A statement like that would be more acceptable if accompanied by proof.

Emotions cannot be treated separately. All the neural circuitry that
deal with emotions are inextricably linked to the circuitries that
deal with appraisals and action. There is continuous positive and
negative feedback between them.

I'm sure there are control loops involving the parts of the brain involved
with the phenomena we call emotion, but yours is not the only
interpretation that hangs together.

This is not my personal opinion. This has been discovered over the
last two decades as a result of extensive scientific work. As far as
I'm aware, few people will dispute this. The reference I gave, to
Marc Lewis' paper, provided a full and thorough explanation as well
as extensive references to back up every point that was made.

Bald assertions of fact do not constitute proof of a theory. I am aware of
the interpretations others have placed on these phenomena -- they were
pretty much settled before any experimental work was done. I don't think
that any equally plausible alternatives were considered or tested against data.

By the way, all opinions are personal, aren't they?

Please Bill, read Marc Lewis' paper and then come back to me and tell
me you still don't think that the working of the brain is based upon
dynamic complexity and you still believe emotions are a byproduct.

OK. Remind me again of just which paper it is. Also, could you give me a
definition of emotion so I can be sure we're talking about the same thing?

Best,

Bill P.

[From Peter Small (2004.03.27)]

Please Bill, read Marc Lewis' paper and then come back to me and tell
me you still don't think that the working of the brain is based upon
dynamic complexity and you still believe emotions are a byproduct.

OK. Remind me again of just which paper it is. Also, could you give me a
definition of emotion so I can be sure we're talking about the same thing?

The paper:

"Bridging emotion theory and neurobiology through dynamic system modeling"
by Marc D. Lewis, which explains this more technically.

The paper includes an implicit definition of emotions, which
coincides with the way I understand them. I'd be interested if you
view emotions differently.

Please do not think I am trying to attack your theory. I'd like to
mention you and your theory in the book I'm working on. However, it
has to be in the context of what we now know about how the brains
works. This has changed dramatically over the past few years. Marc
Lewis's paper is pre publication and from the searching I've done
this seems to be about the best account of the current position.

My book isn't pushing any personal theory, it is an account of the
main influences that account for our current (emerging) understanding
as to what life is about.

I am sure you will understand when I tell you that the basic
organizing structure for my book is a multi-dimensional Hilbert
Space. This is the same concept that you have used, except you are
calling it "vector space".

Evolution is based upon a search through this space to find
increasing efficiency. In such a space there are so many dimensions
(variables or vectors) and scalars that there has to be a shortcut to
be able to find optimum combinations. PCT is a shortcut for searching
in a multidimensional space, genetic algorithms are another but
Nature uses an even more efficient shortcut, which is through using
the attractor basins that manifest in complex dynamic systems.

A way of looking at attractor basins is to see them as a points of
stability in Hilbert Space (or vector space), where the vectors and
scalar values are defined. Nature's shortcut is to progress through
Hilbert Space (vector Space) by jumping between these points of
stability. The brain also makes use of attractor basins to move
around in a Hilbert Space. This is how it is able to represent
appraisals and perceptions in networks of neurons, when the number of
variables involved would make it seem to be impossible.

Peter Small

Author of: Lingo Sorcery, Magical A-Life Avatars, The Entrepreneurial
Web, The Ultimate Game of Strategy and Web Presence
http://www.stigmergicsystems.com

···

--

[From Bill Powers (2004.03.27.0556 MST)]

Peter Small (2004.03.27) –

Thanks for the reference – I have downloaded the file and started
reading it. I find this sort of writing heavy going. I’m not sure what
parts of the paper contain the theory of emotion you refer to – mostly
it seems to assume that everybody knows what emotion is so there’s no
need to say what we’re talking about. Skimming farther on I see
references to feeling states, cognitive stages, arousal, appraisal, and
other things (many of which Lewis admits to be rather fuzzy ideas), at
one point expressed as a diagram with lots of ellipses and bidirectional
pairs of arrows without labels (see below). It all looks very much like
the state of the art when I first began thinking about control theory and
behavior 50 years ago. A lot of words get tossed around without
definitions, so the reader is pretty much allowed to free-associate and
construct whatever meanings he wishes.

It’s going to be pretty hard to find a bridge between PCT and Lewis’
vision of brain function. The categories into which behavior is analyzed
are so different that no one-to-one translation seems possible.

Please
Bill, read Marc Lewis’ paper and then come back to me and tell

me you still don’t think that the working of the brain is based
upon

dynamic complexity and you still believe emotions are a
byproduct.

“Dynamic complexity” is such a vague term that I could hardly
disavow it – have you seen my demonstration of a model in which 150 (now
500) control systems dynamically interact in a common environment that is
perceived and acted upon by all 150 systems? As I said above, a term like
“dynamic complexity” is undefined enough that you can
free-associate on it and apply it to anything at least as complex as a
lever. It certainly applies to most of my control-system demonstrations,
with the degree of complexity being variable but all the demos involving
complex dynamic bidirection interactions.

And yes, I can easily continue to propose that emotion is a consequence
of the action of a hierarchy of control systems. The fact that Lewis
asserts with great confidence that it is something else doesn’t make it
something else. But you really should read about what I say emotion is
before comparing it with anything else, if you can find any place where
Lewis says what emotion is.

The paper includes an implicit
definition of emotions, which

coincides with the way I understand them. I’d be interested if you

view emotions differently.

Can you turn that into an explicit definition of emotions? I’m not good
at guessing what people are implying unless they come right out and say
it.

Evolution is based upon a search
through this space to find

increasing efficiency.

What does this searching? How does it know if efficiency is increasing or
decreasing? What tells it to seek a higher value of efficiency? Aren’t
there some missing mechanisms in this picture?

In such a space there are so
many dimensions (variables or vectors) and scalars that there has to be a
shortcut to be able to find optimum combinations.

What do you think of my proposals (and demonstrations) about the
:“E. coli” method of reorganization, which does a random walk
through multidimensional space while continually evaluating the states of
critical variables to determine whether to change direction? I have shown
how this method can be used to solve large systems of simultaneous
equations (linear or nonlinear) without using any analytical methods. It
becomes especially efficient in a hierarchically organized system.
.

PCT is a shortcut for searching in
a multidimensional space

No, it isn’t. PCT is an explanation of how a system made of control
systems produces behavior in a repeatable, organized, purposive way. This
is a description of behavior between reorganizations – that is, when
the organization of the system is not changing appreciably, when little
learning or adaptation is taking place. The theory of reorganization is
focused on how changes take place and how they are directed toward
specific ends. There are other mechanisms of change but I have not tried
to deal with them.

Nature uses an even more efficient
shortcut, which is through using

the attractor basins that manifest in complex dynamic
systems.

Attractor basins are a metaphor – there are no basins and there is no
actual attraction. The actual mechanism involved in most observable cases
you might attribute to attractor basins is that of a negative feedback
control system, which pushes the controlled variable toward a preferred
state and maintains it there despite unpredictable disturbances, rather
than pulling it from the center… What are called attractor basins in
chaos theory are really very feeble attractors when compared with what
can be accomplished with a good control system. A really good control
system can nail a controlled variable to a specific value so exactly that
is it almost impossible to change it detectably without applying large
forces. All attractor basin examples that I have seen let the variable in
question slop all over the place under even weak disturbances. We would
call them “low-gain” control systems.

A way of looking at attractor
basins is to see them as a points of

stability in Hilbert Space (or vector space), where the vectors and

scalar values are defined.

That only describes the observable outcome; it doesn’t provide an
explanation in the form of a mechanism. The HPCT model produces the same
picture of stability in multidimensional space, but the difference is
that a mechanism is provided for creating this effect, and we can
simulate it (or, given the funds, build it).

Nature’s shortcut is to progress
through Hilbert Space (vector Space) by jumping between these points of
stability. The brain also makes use of attractor basins to move around in
a Hilbert Space.

But this doesn’t offer any way to do this. Perhaps you have a way to do
this which you just aren’t mentioning here. I doubt very much, however,
that the brain makes used of attractor basins. That would be a horribly
inefficient way of stabilizing any variable, because it involves
nonlinear oscillators and a lot of complex thrashing around just to
achieve a result that is much easier to achieve with control systems. A
great waste of energy and other resources. You can construct a negative
feedback control system out of one simple neuron – how many neurons does
it take to construct a nonlinear neural network capable of producing
chaotic oscillations?

This is how it is able to represent
appraisals and perceptions in networks of neurons, when the number of
variables involved would make it seem to be
impossible.

But this can also be accomplished, and has been accomplished in
simulation, with negative feedback control systems which are not
organized to produce chaotic effects (though they could do so). Mere
numbers of variables do not make the task impossible, though they make it
hard to conceive or describe.

In PCT, “appraisal” is another name for perception; we use the
same term for all levels of processing of afferent information. We
recognize 11 levels of perception, at present, ranging from perception of
stimulus intensity to perception of organized entities that we call
“system concepts.” I suppose that at one or more of these
levels we would find the kinds of perception Lewis calls
“appraisals” or “cognitions” and so on.

Here is the “skeletal diagram” that Lewis uses. I doubt very
much that any system organized like this has ever been shown to work in
simulation.

669f35.jpg

Best,

Bill P.

[From Hank Folson (2004.03.27)]

Peter Small (2004.03.26)

It just isn't tenable to state that emotions are a byproduct: they are the triggers
and instigators of the cognitive processes.

Your statement, and Marc Lewis' paper, can be correct if human beings are something other than living control systems.

Bill Powers' perceptual control theory is very mechanistic is nature. It is only applicable to control systems.

If human beings are control systems, it is tenable that emotions are generally a byproduct of controlling.

I hope you note that I am "going up a level", a technique you mentioned in an earlier post. The nature of emotions is not the problem here. We can agree that you and Mr. lewis know that humans are something other than control systems, and PCTers know that humans are control systems.

You mentioned something about an interest is applying PCT to your existing understanding of psychology. Since the foundations of the beliefs are diametrically opposed, such an attempt is doomed to failure.

Sincerely,
Hank Folson