Musings from a motor coach and, oh yes, research, too

[From Fred Nickols (2010.06.13.1647 CDT)]

My wife and I have spent the past several days driving
cross-country in our motor home, returning to Ohio from several months spent
out west. (We’re in Springfield, MO right now.) I do most of
the driving and I have had ample time to observe and reflect on my driving
behavior. For now, I’ll focus on the basic issue of staying
in my lane.

Language is important here. If you were to ask me
“What are you controlling for?” I would probably answer something
like “Staying in my lane.” Or, more specifically, “staying
in the center of my lane.” But if you were to ask me what I
am trying to control, I would probably respond with something like “The
position of the motor home with respect to the lane.” I think
there’s an important difference.

The notion of “staying in my lane” represents to
me an abstraction, some imagined state maintained over time. But if you
ask, “How do you know you’re in your lane or in the center of it?”
I am forced to refer to some perceptions, more specifically, some perceptions
that are a large part of what I see when looking out the windshield and,
occasionally, in my rear view mirror and the TV display over the dash (from the
TV camera mounted on the rear of the coach). As plainly as I can put it,
I am trying to achieve and maintain a certain view when looking out the
windshield from my driver’s seat. More about the specifics of that
view in a moment.

Driving a 40 foot motor home is like driving a billboard
down the highway; it is extremely susceptible to the effects of wind and the
drafts from passing semis. There are many and occasionally quite strong
disturbances to and significant perturbations in the position of the coach
(thanks again, Bill P for that very useful distinction). Some of the
things I observed follow, in no particular order.

What I want to see when looking out my windshield is a view
that matches what I know that view looks like when I am centered in my
lane. How do I know that view out my windshield is a match with the coach
being centered in the lane? Well, I can look in my rear view mirrors (the
panoramic sections of those mirrors) and I can see the bottom edges of the side
of the coach in relation to the left lane marker and the right lane
marker. The view I want when looking out the windshield coincides with a
view in my rear view mirrors of the sides of the coach being inside the left
and right lane markers by about the same amount (about a foot). (FWIW,
the standard lane width is 12 feet and my coach is 8 feet wide, so I should see
two feet on either side but it sure looks more like one foot than two. Oh
well, some measurement will clear that up.)

Now, as to that view I want when looking out the
windshield…

that intersects with the top of the dashboard on the left and the right.
One piece of the view I rely on and try to achieve and maintain when driving is
that the dashed center line (left lane marker) is just a wee bit to the left of
the left intersection of the curve of the top of my steering wheel and the
horizontal plane of the dashboard.

My windshield is divided into two big sections, separated by
a vertical bar. It intersects with the top of the windshield housing and
the bottom of the windshield housing. Another piece of the view I rely on
and try to achieve and maintain when driving is that the solid line (right lane
marker) is a wee bit to the left of the bottom intersection of the vertical bar
and the windshield housing. It also happens to be the case that, when I
am centered in the lane, the solid right lane marker bisects the arm of the
driver’s side windshield wiper.

I can focus on any of these three main components of my view
out the windshield and use any of the three independently to maintain lane
position. I know; I’ve tried it. However, doing so requires
me to essentially shift my view from what is generally out in front of me to
what is very close and up front. That is not conducive to safe
driving. Nevertheless, testing those components did validate their utility.

So what I want to see is this full-field view of what is out
in front of me and, at the same time, also be aware of the relationships
between the lane markers and the intersection points described earlier. I
can do that. I don’t have to stare intently at any of the three
components to “see” them and see them in relation to the lane
markers.

What I do when I’m driving is simple enough, I turn
the steering wheel right or left to maintain alignment between what I see and
what I want to see; I don’t think about it, I just do it.

If there is no wind and the road is essentially flat and
smooth, my turning of the wheel is slow, slight and infrequent.

If there is a strong cross wind from a passing truck, my
turning of the wheel is much more rapid, frequent and involves greater amounts
of turn.

I also noticed something else: My steering wheel has a
cross-bar across its diameter. The top of that cross-bar is horizontal on
a flat, no wind surface. At times, it has a very slight left tilt to
compensate for a slightly tilted roadway on which the coach tends to drift to the
right.

That top cross-bar stays slightly turned to the right when I
have a cross-wind from the right.

So much for observation and reflection. Now, back to
PCT.

It seems to me that my “reference signal” for
keeping the coach roughly centered in the lane is visual in nature; literally,
my recollection or recalled image of what I should see when looking out the
windshield. That image seems to me to be at the configuration
level. What I see, my perceptions, have a quite a bit more dynamics to them:
the coach is speeding down the highway and the lane markers are rapidly moving
toward and disappearing underneath the intersection points mentioned
earlier. At a higher level, my goal or intent or reference signal for
“staying in my lane” is much more abstract, perhaps at the
principle level. In any case, it seems to me that there are at least two
levels of a hierarchy at work.

Speaking for myself, I’m fascinated by what I’m
observing and learning. And so I’m posting these musings from my
motor coach.

Now I’ll ask y’all: Does any of this have
any interest or value? I ask this not because I’m looking for
confirmation or anything else for that matter; instead, it seems to me that we
have lots of drivers, driver training courses, and even driving
simulators. Might there not be some fertile ground there for some PCT
research that everyone who drives could relate to?

We’re scheduled to be back home in Ohio on Tuesday
afternoon so I’ve still got some limited time for experiments. J

Regards,

Fred Nickols

Managing
Partner

Distance Consulting LLC

1558 Coshocton
Ave - Suite 303

Mount Vernon,
OH 43050-5416

fred@nickols.us

“Assistance at a
Distance”

···

From my seat, the top of the steering wheel forms an arc

[From Bill Powers (2010.06.13.1757 MDT)]

Fred Nickols (2010.06.13.1647 CDT)]

... if you ask, "How do you know you're in your lane or in the center of it?" I am forced to refer to some perceptions, more specifically, some perceptions that are a large part of what I see when looking out the windshield and, occasionally, in my rear view mirror and the TV display over the dash (from the TV camera mounted on the rear of the coach). As plainly as I can put it, I am trying to achieve and maintain a certain view when looking out the windshield from my driver's seat.

I learned to drive in a 1939 Oldsmobile sedan. It had a rather long hood and a very convenient hood ornament mounted on the radiator cap. I learned (partly from getting out and walking around the car to see where everything really was) that if I kept the hood ornament slightly to the left of the right edge of the road (or the right lane stripe) 10 or 15 feet ahead of the car, the car would be centered in the lane. That experience, years later, taught me a lot about PCT, just as it did for you. Everything you say about it is familiar.

I've long had the idea that once a person learns some minimum amount about PCT, the process becomes self-sustaining. You start looking at ordinary experiences and seeing how control comes into them, and the experiences teach you things about control you didn't know before. That certainly happened to me, and it's nice to see someone else experiencing that, too.

Best,

Bill P.

[From Bruce
Abbott (2010.06.13.2110 EST)]

[From Fred Nickols (2010.06.13.1647 CDT)]

FN: Driving a 40 foot
motor home is like driving a billboard down the highway; it is extremely
susceptible to the effects of wind and the drafts from passing semis.
There are many and occasionally quite strong disturbances to and significant
perturbations in the position of the coach (thanks again, Bill P for that very
useful distinction). Some of the things I observed follow, in no
particular order.

Two questions:

  1.  When you see an approaching semi, do you
    

find yourself bracing for the expected draft? That is, do you increase your
grip on the steering wheel in anticipation of the disturbance?

  1.  If a sudden gust of wind causes your vehicle
    

to lurch to the left or right, do you act entirely on the basis of a change in
the visual perception of the vehicle position relative to its lane, or do you
also seem to be acting to cancel the sudden acceleration of your body to the
left or right?

Bruce A.

[From Fred Nickols (2010.06.13.2042
CDT)]

[From Bruce
Abbott (2010.06.13.2110 EST)]

[From Fred Nickols (2010.06.13.1647 CDT)]

FN: Driving a 40 foot
motor home is like driving a billboard down the highway; it is extremely
susceptible to the effects of wind and the drafts from passing semis. There
are many and occasionally quite strong disturbances to and significant
perturbations in the position of the coach (thanks again, Bill P for that very
useful distinction). Some of the things I observed follow, in no
particular order.

BA: Two questions:

  1.  When you see an approaching semi, do you
    

find yourself bracing for the expected draft? That is, do you increase your
grip on the steering wheel in anticipation of the disturbance?

  1.  If a sudden gust of wind causes your
    

vehicle to lurch to the left or right, do you act entirely on the basis of a
change in the visual perception of the vehicle position relative to its lane,
or do you also seem to be acting to cancel the sudden acceleration of your body
to the left or right?

Good questions,
Bruce. I don’t spend much time on two-lane highways so I don’t
have a ready answer to your first question. Based on what I do recall
from limited instances, I don’t recall bracing or gripping the wheel any
tighter. Most of the drafts are from semis passing me and although I do
ready myself that entails little more than saying to myself “here comes
another one.” As for your second question, that’s a tough
one. I do feel the lurch of the coach when a strong gust of wind hits it.
I also see a deviation in the visual perception but if my recollections are
accurate I see the deviation before I feel the lurch and I’m already
turning the wheel.

Regards,

Fred Nickols

www.nickols.us

fred@nickols.us

[From Bill Powers 2010.06.13.2015 MDT)]

Fred Nickols (2010.06.13.2042 CDT) --

[From Bruce Abbott (2010.06.13.2110 EST)]

[From Fred Nickols (2010.06.13.1647 CDT)]

FN: Driving a 40 foot motor home is like driving a billboard down the highway; it is extremely susceptible to the effects of wind and the drafts from passing semis. There are many and occasionally quite strong disturbances to and significant perturbations in the position of the coach (thanks again, Bill P for that very useful distinction). Some of the things I observed follow, in no particular order.

BA: Two questions:

1. When you see an approaching semi, do you find yourself bracing for the expected draft? That is, do you increase your grip on the steering wheel in anticipation of the disturbance?
2. If a sudden gust of wind causes your vehicle to lurch to the left or right, do you act entirely on the basis of a change in the visual perception of the vehicle position relative to its lane, or do you also seem to be acting to cancel the sudden acceleration of your body to the left or right?

Fred N. Good questions, Bruce. I don't spend much time on two-lane highways so I don't have a ready answer to your first question. Based on what I do recall from limited instances, I don't recall bracing or gripping the wheel any tighter. Most of the drafts are from semis passing me and although I do ready myself that entails little more than saying to myself "here comes another one." As for your second question, that's a tough one. I do feel the lurch of the coach when a strong gust of wind hits it. I also see a deviation in the visual perception but if my recollections are accurate I see the deviation before I feel the lurch and I'm already turning the wheel.

Yes, good questions.

1: I might grip the wheel a little tighter if I was being a bit casual about holding it, like with one hand. But I don't think I try to time any movement of the steering wheel to the arrival of the disturbance. That's especially tricky if the wind is blowing from the oncoming truck's lane into mine, because the front wheels are already cocked towared the truck and I'd have to estimate how much more to turn the wheel and exactly when to do it. A slight miscalculation would send me right into the truck. Better to wait for it to happen and have the loop gain cranked up high.

What's really tricky is passing a truck in a crosswind blowing from the side the truck is on. You approach the truck from the rear with the wheel cocked into the wind, and then drive into the wind-shadow beside the truck so you have to straighten the wheel at just the right time to keep from veering into the truck. I think that's the only case in which I really do try to anticipate the disturbance, or in this case the disappearance of the disturbance.

2. I definitely sense sideward tilts and react very quickly to them before there's much visual effect. It as if I'm keeping the steering effort balanced against the sideward forces I feel. If the road tilts more than a small amount, the wheel twists the other way more or less in proportion to the tilt, sort of like the vestibulo-ocular reflex. But this isn't an attempt to control the sidways acceleration; it's more like controlling the velocity. The car tilts to the right, I feel the start of a movement to the right, and turn the wheel left to stop it, which moves the car left relative to me and makes my lean to the right greater. It takes a while to figure out how to avoid the positive feedback effect.

Another positive feedback problem arises from braking. Pushing down on the brake pedal tends to make the driver slide forward and press the brake harder by bracing against it. Some practice is needed to apply a controlled force to the brake pedal and do the positional bracing with the other foot and the hands on the steering wheel.

Best,

Bill P.