Watching your p's and q.i's (was Re: Kenneth J. W. Craik on levels of perception and control)

[From Rupert Young (2017.12.29 17.15)]

(Rick Marken (2017.12.25.1930)]

Here the terminology seems a bit problematic. By "external variable"

do you mean a perception, which is of something that appears
to be external, to the perceiver? Some may appear to be
internal and some may appear to be external. But, at the end
of the day it is a (internal) perception which is being controlled?
If so, then I think we need to change the terminology; how about
“apparently external variable”? Btw, here you describe “principle”
as “internal”, but later in the post you list it as an “external”
variable.

I am trying to get to grips to what is the heart of any

disagreement, if there is any. I think it is just a terminology
issue.

(Marken (2017.12.20.1830)]

RM: But it seems unlikely since Boris (and and just about everyone

else on CSGNet) seems to think that it’s only perception that is
controlled and that variable aspects of the environment are only
controlled as a side effect of controlling perception.

You seemed to express the disagreement above, but, if you are saying

that “aspects of the environment” are synonymous with perceptual
variable with “apparently external variable” and with perception,
then I don’t think anyone on here would disagree. Yet you seem to be
making a distinction between perception and “aspects of the
environment”.

Ok, so we could say that functions "exist" in an abstract sense. But

would you not agree that we can’t control if the function itself is
abstract? For control to happen there has to be a physical function
in existence, that is actually performing the “computation”. So, in
order to reconcile different perspectives, could we say that
perceptions are the physical realisation of “aspects of the
environment”? Therefore, there is no contradiction is saying that
only perception is controlled and “aspects of the environment” are
controlled.

As you say an "external variable" could correspond to an

environmental variable. I think the issue has been that people have
taken “aspects of the environment” to mean environmental variables.
So, in the example of turning the dial to control temperature in the
shower, we only control our perception of the temperature
(perceptual variable/aspect of the environment), and not the actual
temperature, the environmental variable. However, as the
environmental variable could be seen to increase to particular value
and maintain that value, in the face of disturbances, it is said to
“stabilize”, or be indirectly controlled (the environmental variable
and the perceptual variable are physically linked through the
perceptual function). Does this fit with your perspective?

Regards,

Rupert
···

Rupert Young (2017.12.23 17.55)–

RM: Hope that’s all perfectly clear!

                RY: Broadly, yes. Though I

think there is still some terminology that needs
some clarification. For the moment can we forget
about the observer, to simplify things by removing
some variables from the discussion, such as q.i.

RM: OK, I’ll give it a try.

                    RY: What external variables

are stabilised?

                  RM: Depends on what you mean by "external

variables". See below. Since I take “external
variables” to be synonymous with “aspects of the
environment” then vertical optical velocity,
d(arctan(z/(x-fx)/dt and horizontal displacement,
arctan (y-fy)/(x-fx) are external variables that
are not only stabilized, they are controlled.

                              RY: So, here is a bit of

confusion for me as you appear to be using “external”
in two different ways (perceptual variables are not
external to the fielder, yet are “external
variables”). Would you clarify?

          RM: Bill used the term "external variable" or

“variables external to the controller” to describe
perceptual variables that are experienced as
being “out there”. When a fly ball is hit towards you, you
can see its vertical and horizontal movement as being “out
there” where the ball is. Higher level perceptions, like
the perception of the degree to which someone is carrying
out the principle of being honest in his dealings with the
electorate, for example, seem more “internal”, like
cognitions. But both “external” and “internal” perceptions
are perceptual aspects of the physical environment –
environmental variables.

               RY: Perhaps, then, the terminology of
                "aspects of

the environment" is only relevant if we are
including the “observer” in the discussion?

          RM: I don't think so. "Aspects of the environment"

describe possible functions of environment
variables – the later being the variables of physics and
chemistry that we believe to be what is actually out
there. These functions exist whether anyone is
actually computing them or not. Area is an example; it is
a function of environmental variables that it is possible
to compute, whether anyone – observer or controller – is
computing it or not.

              RY: Are environmental variables the

same as external variables (if we are omitting the
observer from the discussion)? If so, would it be
correct to say that, in this case, no external
variables are controlled?

          RM: I try to limit the term "environmental variable" or

“environment” to the physical variables that are thought
to be what s actually “out there” while I try to use
“external variable” to refer only to functions of
environmental variables that seem, when experienced, to be
external to the perceiver. What Bill (and I) call an
“external variable” could correspond to an environmental
variable. For example, I think the “intensity” perception
of weight is pretty directly proportional to a force
vector created by gravitational acceleration. But once
you get above intensity perceptions, I think we are
dealing with external variables in the sense of functions
of physical variables that, when computer by our
perceptual functions, are experienced as being external to
us.

[From Rick Marken (2017.12.30.1510)]

···

 Rupert Young (2017.12.29 17.15)–

RY: Here the terminology seems a bit problematic. By "external variable"

do you mean a perception, which is of something that appears
to be external, to the perceiver?

RM: Yes. But this is not really “terminology”. It’s just the way Bill referred, in a letter to Phil, to what would technically be called “controlled quantities” or " controlled perceptions" that are experienced as outside of the controller.Â

RY: Some may appear to be
internal and some may appear to be external. But, at the end
of the day it is a (internal) perception which is being controlled?

RM: In PCT it’s the perceptual signal that is controlled.Â

Â

RY: I am trying to get to grips to what is the heart of any

disagreement, if there is any. I think it is just a terminology
issue.

RM: Maybe. Â

(Marken (2017.12.20.1830)]

RM: But it seems unlikely since Boris (and and just about everyone

else on CSGNet) seems to think that it’s only perception that is
controlled and that variable aspects of the environment are only
controlled as a side effect of controlling perception.

RY: You seemed to express the disagreement above, but, if you are saying

that “aspects of the environment” are synonymous with perceptual
variable with “apparently external variable” and with perception,
then I don’t think anyone on here would disagree. Yet you seem to be
making a distinction between perception and “aspects of the
environment”.

RM: I think the disagreement is better stated as:Â Some people seem to think that it’s only the perceptual signal that is controlled and that the corresponding variable aspect of the environment are only controlled as a side-effect of controlling the perceptual signal. In PCT, when perceptual signals are controlled, the aspects of the environment defined by the perceptual functions that produce these perceptual signals are also controlled.Â

RY: Ok, so we could say that functions “exist” in an abstract sense.

RM: Well, I suppose you could say they are abstract possibilities, yes.Â

RY: But

would you not agree that we can’t control if the function itself is
abstract?

RM: If by “abstract” you mean that that the function is not implemented as a perceptual function in a control loop then, yes, of course. You can’t control what you are not built to perceive.

Â

RY: For control to happen there has to be a physical function

in existence, that is actually performing the “computation”. So, in
order to reconcile different perspectives, could we say that
perceptions are the physical realisation of “aspects of the
environment”? Therefore, there is no contradiction is saying that
only perception is controlled and “aspects of the environment” are
controlled.

RM: Sure. In PCT, variations in the perceptual signal are the physical realization of variations in the aspects of the environment defined by the perceptual function that produces the perceptual signal.

RY: As you say an "external variable" could correspond to an

environmental variable. I think the issue has been that people have
taken “aspects of the environment” to mean environmental variables.Â
So, in the example of turning the dial to control temperature in the
shower, we only control our perception of the temperature
(perceptual variable/aspect of the environment), and not the actual
temperature, the environmental variable.

RM: No, we control both.Â

Â

However, as the

environmental variable could be seen to increase to particular value
and maintain that value, in the face of disturbances, it is said to
“stabilize”, or be indirectly controlled (the environmental variable
and the perceptual variable are physically linked through the
perceptual function). Does this fit with your perspective?

RM: Nope, now you’ve drifted off into “theory first” land. PCT starts with facts. The fact here is that water temperature is observed to be controlled; the theory is that this is happening because the person is controlling a perceptual signal that is an analog of water temperature that is created by a perceptual function.

BestÂ

Rick


Richard S. MarkenÂ

"Perfection is achieved not when you have nothing more to add, but when you
have nothing left to take away.�
                --Antoine de Saint-Exupery

          RM:Â Bill used the term "external variable" or

“variables external to the controller” to describe
perceptual variables that are experienced as
being “out there”. When a fly ball is hit towards you, you
can see its vertical and horizontal movement as being “out
there” where the ball is. Higher level perceptions, like
the perception of the degree to which someone is carrying
out the principle of being honest in his dealings with the
electorate, for example, seem more “internal”, like
cognitions. But both “external” and “internal” perceptions
are perceptual aspects of the physical environment –
environmental variables.Â

              RY: Perhaps, then, the terminology of
                "aspects of

the environment" is only relevant if we are
including the “observer” in the discussion?

          RM: I don't think so. "Aspects of the environment"

describe possible functions of environment
variablesÂ

              RY: Are environmental variables the

same as external variables (if we are omitting the
observer from the discussion)? If so, would it be
correct to say that, in this case, no external
variables are controlled?

          RM: I try to limit the term "environmental variable" or

“environment” to the physical variables that are thought
to be what s actually “out there” while I try to use
“external variable” to refer only to functions of
environmental variables that seem, when experienced, to be
external to the perceiver.Â